Table 3.
Phytotoxic activity of the essential oils of P. harmala from Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia against germination of Raphanus sativus L., Lepidium sativum L., and Ruta graveolens L., 120 h after sowing. Results are expressed as the mean of three experiments ± standard deviation.
| Germination | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R. sativus | Algeria | Egypt | Libya | Morocco | Tunisia |
| Control | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 6.6 ± 0.6 |
| 100 μg/mL | 2.0 ± 1.0 ** | 4.0 ± 0 | 4.7 ± 1.5 | 5.0 ± 1.7 | 4.0 ± 1.7 |
| 50 μg/mL | 4.0 ± 1.0 * | 5.7 ± 1.5 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 5.0 ± 2.0 | 4.0 ± 1.0 |
| 25 μg/mL | 4.0 ± 1.0 * | 4.7 ± 1.5 | 4.3 ± 0.6 | 5.0 ± 1.0 | 5.3 ± 1.2 |
| 12.5 μg/mL | 3.3 ± 1.5 * | 6.0 ± 1.7 | 4.3 ± 2.1 | 4.0 ± 1.0 | 5.3 ± 1.5 |
| L. sativum | |||||
| Control | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 2.2 ± 1.3 | NT | 2.2 ± 1.3 |
| 100 μg/mL | 2.3 ± 2.3 | 2.0 ± 1.7 | 2.3 ± 1.5 | NT | 1.7 ± 0.6 |
| 50 μg/mL | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 1.0 ± 1.0 | NT | 1.0 ± 1.0 * |
| 25 μg/mL | 1.0 ± 0 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 0.3 ± 0.6 * | NT | 1.0 ± 0 * |
| 12.5 μg/mL | 2.0 ± 0 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | NT | 1.7 ± 1.2 |
| R. graveolens | |||||
| Control | 7.6 ± 1.5 | 7.6 ± 1.5 | 7.6 ± 1.5 | NT | 7.6 ± 1.5 |
| 100 μg/mL | 2.0 ± 1.0 ** | 2.7 ± 0.6 *** | 3.3 ± 1.2 ** | NT | 5.3 ± 1.5 |
| 50 μg/mL | 2.7 ± 1.2 ** | 2.3 ± 1.2 *** | 2.7 ± 0.6 ** | NT | 5.0 ± 2.0 |
| 25 μg/mL | 2.7 ± 0.6 ** | 0 | 3.3 ± 1.2 ** | NT | 4.0 ± 1.0 * |
| 12.5 μg/mL | 2.3 ± 2.1 ** | 0 | 3.7 ± 1.5 ** | NT | 3.7 ± 1.5 * |
Note: *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05 vs. control; NT (not tested).