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Effects of cadmium and CNFE on renal oxidative stress. (a) Nitric oxide; (b) malondialdehyde; (c) superoxide dismutase; (d) catalase; (e) total thiols; (f)free thiols; and (g) protein thiols. Veh: vehicle-treated control group; CNFE: C. nervosum fruit extract-treated group; Cd: cadmium-treated group; Cd + CNFE (1 and 2): cadmium plus CNFE (1 and 2 g/kg)-treated groups. Values are mean ± SEM (n = 6). * p < 0.05 vs. Veh, † p < 0.05 vs. Cd.
