Table 1.
LC methods of Danshen and Danshen-containing preparations.
| Detection Mode | Analytes | Sample | Stationary Phase | Mobile Phase | Qualitative or Quantitative Analysis | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UHPLC/UV (280 nm) | Multi-components | Danshen herb | Waters Acquity UPLC BEN C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) | 10% 1,4-dioxane and 0.1% formic acid in water–10% 1,4-dioxane and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (0 min: 100:0; 4 min: 80:20; 7 min: 50:50; 14 min: 100:0) | Qualitative analysis | [13] |
| HPLC/DAD (270 nm) | DSS, PA, Sab, Cry, Tan IIA, Tan I | Compound preparations composed of Danshen and Gegen | Agilent Diamonsil C18 (200 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) | 0.1% formic acid–acetonitrile (0 min: 80:20; 3 min: 78:22; 5 min: 70:30; 15 min: 35:65; 25 min: 30:70; 28 min: 30:70) | Quantitative analysis | [14] |
| HPLC/UV (270 nm) | Dih, Cry, Tan I, Tan IIA, Mil | Danshen herb | Inertsil ODS-SP C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5μm) | Acetonitrile–0.2% acetic acid aqueous solution (55:45) | Quantitative analysis | [64] |
| HPLC/UV (288 nm) | Sab | Danshen herb | Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C8 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) | 1% aqueous acetic acid–acetonitrile: methanol (3:2) (0 min: 75:25; 10 min: 65:35; 12 min: 75:25; 17 min: 75:25) | Qualitative analysis | [91] |
| HPLC/DAD (190 to 400 nm) | Saa, Sab, RA, DSS, PA, Lit | Compound Danshen preparation | Agilent Extend C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) | Methanol–acetonitrile–tetrahydrofuran (10:90:0.05) with 50 mM phosphate buffer | Quantitative analysis | [92] |
| HPLC/DAD (270 nm) | Multi-components | Danshen herb | Agilent Zorbax Extend C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) | Acetonitrile–0.02% phosphoric acid (0 min: 61:39; 6 min: 61:39; 18 min: 90:10; 18.5 min: 61:39; 23 min: 61:39) | Quantitative analysis | [93] |
| HPLC/DAD (245, 262, 272 nm) | Tan I, Tan IIA, Cry | Danshen herb | Agilent Zorbax Eclipse C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) | Methanol–water (81:19) | Quantitative analysis | [94] |
| HPLC/DAD (200 to 400 nm) | Saa, Sab, DSS | Danshen herb | Agilent TC-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) | 0.05% phosphate–acetonitrile (0 min: 90:10; 15 min: 80:20; 35 min: 75:25; 45 min: 70:30; 55 min: 10:90; 70 min: 10:90) | Quantitative analysis | [95] |
| HPLC/DAD (200 to 400 nm) | Cry, Dih, Tan I, Tan IIA, DSS, Sab | Danshen herb | Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) | Water–acetonitrile (0 min: 45:55; 16 min: 45:55; 20 min: 20:80; 24 min: 20:80) | Quantitative analysis | [96] |
| UHPLC/UV (281 nm) | DSS | Danshensu | Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μm) | Acetonitrile–0.1% formic acid water (0 min: 1:99; 7 min: 1:99: 12 min: 50:50; 14 min: 100:0; 15 min: 1:99) | Qualitative analysis | [97] |
| UHPLC/DAD (254, 280 nm) | DSS, PA, CA, Dih, Tan I, Cry, Tan IIA | preparation Dan Lou tablet | Aglient Eclipse plus C18 (100 mm × 3.0 mm, 1.8 μm) | 0.1 % formic acid–acetonitrile (0 min: 90:10; 1 min: 85:15; 3 min: 78:22; 9 min: 70:30; 11 min: 34:66; 15 min: 34:66; 25 min: 20:80) | Qualitative analysis | [98] |
| UHPLC/DAD (190 to 400 nm) | Multi-components | Compound Danshen tablets | Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 1.8 μm) | 0.1% formic acid–acetonitrile (0 min: 95:5; 7 min: 83:17; 14 min: 75:25; 16 min: 72:28; 17 min: 70:30; 22 min: 45:55; 24 min: 29: 71; 27 min: 15:85; 35 min: 15:86) | Qualitative analysis | [99] |
| UHPLC/DAD (190 to 400 nm) | Multi-components | Danshen herb | Phenomenex Kinetex HILIC column (50 mm × 4.6mm, 5 μm) | 10 mM ammonium acetate–acetonitrile (70:30) | Quantitative analysis | [100] |
| HPLC/DAD (190 to 400 nm) | Multi-components | Guanxinning injection | Shiseido PC HILIC column (150 mm × 2 mm, 5 μm) | 10 mM ammonium formate containing 0.01% formic acid–acetonitrile (0 min: 8:92; 34 min: 28:72; 39 min: 40:60; 42 min: 8:92) | Qualitative analysis | [101] |
| HPLC/DAD (270 nm) | Cry, Tan I, Tan IIA | Danshen herb | Diamons C18 (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) | Water–77% methanol | Quantitative analysis | [102] |
| HPLC/UV (280 nm) | Cry, DSS, PA, PD, Tan I, Tan IIA, Sal B, Dih | Danshen herb | Waters SunFire RP-18 (150 mm × 3 mm, 3.5 μm) | Water–acetonitrile both with 0.1% formic acid (0 min: 50:50; 30 min: 100:0; 35 min: 100:0) | Quantitative analysis | [103] |
| HPLC-ED (−0.4 V) | Cry, Tan I, Tan IIA | Danshen herb | Capcell Pak C18 (150 mm × 1.0 mm, 3 μm) | Acetonitrile–water–formic acid (52:48:0.6) | Quantitative analysis | [104] |
| HPLC/DAD (254, 280 nm) | Sab, Dih, Cry, Tan I, Tan IIA | Danshen herb | Kinetex core-shell C18 (100 × 4.6 mm, 2.6 μm) | 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid aqueous–acetonitrile (0 min: 93:7; 10 min: 78:22; 20 min: 67:33; 28 min: 48:52; 31 min: 35:65; 36 min: 19:81) | Quantitative analysis | [105] |
| HPLC-UV (190 to 400 nm) | DSS, CA, Sab, Sac, RA, PA, Cry, Tan I, Tan IIA | Danshen herb | Merck RP-18e (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 2 μm) | Brij35–cyclohexane–phosphate buffer (pH = 6.60)–n-butanol (6.68:0.84:85.56:6.92) | Qualitative analysis | [106] |
| UHPLC/PDA (280 nm) | Sab, RA, Cry, Tan I, Tan IIA, PA, PD, CA, Fer, I-Fer, Saa, Dih, Prz | Danshen herb | Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) | 0.5% Phosphoric acid–acetonitrile (0 min: 95:5; 0.5 min: 90:10; 6 min: 77:23; 7.8 min: 70:30; 9.0 min: 58:42; 11.5 min: 55:45; 14.5 min: 54:46; 17.5 min: 15:85) | Quantitative analysis | [107] |
| HPLC/DAD (280 nm) | DSS, Sab, PD, Tan IIA, Cry | Danshen herb | Waters SunFire RP-18 (3.0 × 150 mm, 3.5μm) | Water–acetonitrile both with 0.1% formic acid (0 min: 50:50; 30 min: 100:0; 35 min: 100:0) | Qualitative analysis | [108] |
| HPLC/DAD (280 nm) | DSS, PA, PD, CA, RA, LA, Sab, Saa, Sac, Dih, Cry, Tan I, Tan IIA | Danshen herb | KinetexTM C18 (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.6 μm) | 0.1% aqueous TFA–acetonitrile (0 min: 93:7; 4 min: 82:18; 15 min: 76:24; 20 min: 67:33; 28 min: 48:52) | Quantitative analysis | [11] |
| HPLC/UV (280 nm) | Saa, Sab, PD, Cry, Tan I, Tan IIA | Danshen herb | Agilent reversed phase XDB C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) | 0.1% aqueous phosphoric acid–acetonitrile (0 min: 98:2; 20 min: 83:17; 60 min: 32:28; 70 min: 26:74; 88 min: 70:30; 100 min: 98:2) | Quantitative analysis | [109] |
| HPLC/DAD (190 to 500 nm) | DSS, PA, RA, Sab, Dih, Tan I, Cry, Tan IIA | Danshen herb | Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) | Methanol–water containing 0.5% acetic acid (0 min: 20:80; 10 min: 35:65; 20 min: 40:60; 40 min: 70:30; 50 min: 80:20) | Quantitative analysis | [110] |
| HPLC/DAD (190 to 500 nm) | Fingerprint analysis | Danshen herb | Waters SunFire C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) | Methanol–water (0 min: 60:40; 25 min: 70:30; 35 min: 75:25; 45 min: 90:10; 55 min: 100:0) | Qualitative analysis | [111] |
| HPLC/DAD (270, 288 nm) | Fingerprint analysis | Danshen herb | Symmetry C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) | methanol–water (56:44) for ether extract; 0.5 % formic acid–methanol (0 min: 80:20; 10 min: 60:40; 30 min: 60:40; 45 min: 40:60) | Qualitative analysis | [112] |
| UHPLC/PDA (280 nm) | Fingerprint analysis | Danshen herb | Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) | 0.026% phosphoric acid–acetonitrile (0 min: 85:15; 5 min: 75:25; 8 min: 70:30; 12 min: 50:50; 17 min:10:90) | Qualitative analysis | [113] |
| HPLC/DAD (200 to 400 nm) | Fingerprint analysis | compound Danshen tablet | Agilent XDB-C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) | Methanol–water (73:27) | Qualitative analysis | [114] |
| HPLC/DAD (190 to 400 nm) | Fingerprint analysis | Danshen Injection | Zorbax Extend C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) | 0.5% formic acid–acetonitrile (0 min: 90:10; 12 min: 78:22; 30 min: 70:30; 38 min: 55:45; 45 min: 10:90; 50 min: 10:90) | Qualitative analysis | [115] |
Note: Saa, (salvianolic acid A); Sab, (salvianolic acid B); Sac, (salvianolic acid C); DSS, (danshensu); RA, (rosmarinic acid); LA, (lithospermic acid); CA, (caffeic acid); PA, (protocatechuic acid); PD, (protocatechualdehyde); Fer, (ferulic acid); I-Fer, (I-ferulic acid); Tan I, (tanshinone I); Tan IIA, (tanshinone IIA); Cry, (cryptotanshinone); Dih, (dihydrotanshinone); Prz, (przewalskin).