Table 4.
Final analysis of amino acids from fermentations by Saccharomyces cerevisiae 88 alone (SC), sequential fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae 88 and Lachancea thermotolerans CONCERTO™ (LT…SC), sequential fermentation with Schizosaccharomyces pombe 4.5 and Lachancea thermotolerans CONCERTO™ (LT…SK), Schizosaccharomyces pombe 4.5 alone (SK), and fermentations after malolactic fermentation with Oenococcus oeni 217 (+MLF).
| Compounds (mg/L) | SC | SC + MLF | LT…SC | LT…SC + MLF | LT…SK | SK |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspartic acid | 10.08 ± 0.61 a | 11.56 ± 0.92 a | 9.42 ± 1.02 a | 10.64 ± 1.33 a | 11.62 ± 1.78 a | 13.76 ± 0.71 b |
| Asparagine | 14.23 ± 1.08 ab | 15.39 ± 1.32 b | 12.48 ± 1.33 a | 13.62 ± 1.64 ab | 16.55 ± 1.52 b | 23.42 ± 1.43 c |
| Serine | 2.57 ± 0.41 a | 3.71 ± 0.52 b | 2.47 ± 0.50 a | 3.62 ± 0.58 b | 3.88 ± 0.64 b | 5.11 ± 0.72 c |
| Histidine | 58.42 ± 2.79 b | 50.63 ± 3.08 a | 61.31 ± 3.92 b | 52.53 ± 4.21 a | 62.93 ± 4.32 b | 79.21 ± 3.22 c |
| Glycine | 25.22 ± 1.35 b | 29.86 ± 1.61 c | 16.42 ± 2.16 a | 19.76 ± 2.52 a | 16.96 ± 2.22 a | 26.14 ± 1.44 b |
| Arginine | 56.42 ± 2.79 b | 45.63 ± 3.08 a | 57.31 ± 3.92 b | 48.53 ± 3.21 a | 55.26 ± 3.43 b | 70.36 ± 4.79 c |
| Threonine | 19.36 ± 1.89 a | 21.26 ± 2.14 a | 18.24 ± 2.11 a | 20.13 ± 2.45 a | 28.42 ± 2.93 b | 46.58 ± 4.01 c |
| Alanine | 26.31 ± 2.41 a | 35.52 ± 2.96 a | 25.77 ± 2.88 a | 33.66 ± 3.17 a | 26.52 ± 2.72 a | 24.14 ± 1.99 a |
| Tyrosine | 3.75 ± 0.21 a | 3.89 ± 0.29 a | 3.67 ± 0.36 a | 3.93 ± 0.45 a | 4.12 ± 0.98 a | 7.38 ± 0.74 b |
| Valine | 1.36 ± 0.14 b | 1.35 ± 0.58 b | 0.32 ± 0.28 a | 0.33 ± 0.45 a | 1.32 ± 0.65 b | 5.89 ± 0.44 d |
| Tryptophan | 0.24 ± 0.04 a | 0.55 ± 0.16 b | 0.28 ± 0.07 a | 0.61 ± 0.21 b | 1.05 ± 0.76 bc | 2.11 ± 0.31 c |
| Phenylalanine | 2.96 ± 0.27 a | 3.17 ± 0.38 a | 2.77 ± 0.41 a | 3.02 ± 0.55 a | 4.67 ± 0.72 b | 6.82 ± 0.55 c |
| Isoleucine | 3.16 ± 0.23 b | 2.76 ± 0.31 a | 5.22 ± 0.41 d | 4.28 ± 0.67 c | 8.87 ± 0.87 e | 14.16 ± 0.82 f |
| Leucine | 3.84 ± 0.42 b | 2.53 ± 0.51 a | 4.92 ± 0.62 d | 4.11 ± 0.87 bd | 9.96 ± 1.12 e | 18.43 ± 1.06 f |
| Ornithine | 38.21 ± 2.17 c | 44.37 ± 2.88 d | 36.32 ± 3.21 c | 42.16 ± 3.94 cd | 28.33 ± 2.51 b | 21.15 ± 1.82 a |
| Lysine | 8.52 ± 0.77 a | 9.68 ± 0.86 a | 8.96 ± 1.35 a | 10.58 ± 1.33 a | 8.78 ± 1.72 a | 15.16 ± 1.02 b |
| Methionine | 1.11 ± 0.18 a | 1.82 ± 0.31 b | 1.08 ± 0.24 a | 1.68 ± 0.44 ab | 1.46 ± 0.31 ab | 2.45 ± 0.29 c |
Results represent the mean ± SD for three replicates. Means in the same row with the same letter are not significantly different (p < 0.05).