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. 2016 May 26;21(6):687. doi: 10.3390/molecules21060687

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© 2016 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a–d) Cell attachment on PEEK/HA composite, DAPI nuclear staining (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, blue) indicates the wide scale presence of adherent cells throughout the composite substance. Strong scaffold green-channel autofluorescence competes with Cell tracker Green signal reducing the effectiveness of this assay; (e) cell attachment on HA and rough PEEK channels within the composite; and (f) SEM imaging reveals the cell–surface interaction and adhesion at HA surface (blue arrow), PEEK/HA boundary (white arrow) and the interface of PEEK surface roughness variations (orange arrow).