Table 2.
Representative differential metabolites of liver that contributed to the separation among dextrose-, alcohol- and NTs-treated rats derived from UPLC-TOF-MS analysis (n 6 per group).
| Compounds | RT(min)_m/z | VIP | Peak Area Intensity | Pathway | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dextrose Control | Alcohol Control | 0.04% NTs | 0.16% NTs | ||||
| Glycocholic acid | 7.7237_464.3005 | 5.59 | 8463.81 ± 7415.40 | 31,624.49 ± 15,933.73 ** | 26,484.27 ± 18,211.81 | 31,964.50 ± 15,863.17 | Primary bile acid biosynthesis; Secondary bile acid biosynthesis; Bile secretion |
| Chenodeoxyglycocholic acid | 7.4877_448.3058 | 2.20 | 143.49 ± 278.14 | 5104.29 ± 833.33 ** | 1725.13 ± 1099.87 ## | 2587.23 ± 725.60 ## | Primary bile acid biosynthesis; Secondary bile acid biosynthesis; Bile secretion |
| Taurodeoxycholic acid | 7.057_462.2852 | 3.57 | 498.07 ± 915.56 | 10,764.23 ± 2193.21 ** | 5839.72 ± 1832.43 ## | 9480.95 ± 2332.42 | Primary bile acid biosynthesis; Secondary bile acid biosynthesis; Bile secretion |
| Stearic acid | 9.0998_283.2622 | 3.18 | 970.48 ± 1097.17 | 7191.91 ± 1879.98 ** | 2026.56 ± 1676.70 ## | 1543.03 ± 758.30 ## | Fatty acid biosynthesis; Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids |
| Palmitic acid | 8.8195_255.2323 | 3.04 | 3510.95 ± 3186.85 | 9469.90 ± 3202.26 ** | 5350.94 ± 3418.26 # | 3445.33 ± 1681.00 ## | Fatty acid metabolism; Fatty acid elongation; Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids |
| Oleic acid | 8.9027_281.248 | 2.87 | 1951.77 ± 1228.59 | 5639.40 ± 2538.87 ** | 2738.06 ± 2399.18 | 1113.86 ± 1067.94 | Fatty acid biosynthesis; Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids |
| LysoPE(16:0) | 8.8334_452.2774 | 2.87 | 575.73 ± 509.70 | 5241.31 ± 925.57 ** | 1375.93 ± 1208.68 ## | 723.85 ± 558.81 ## | NUM |
| LysoPE(18:0) | 9.0983_480.3084 | 2.31 | 95.30 ± 152.35 | 3245.92 ± 340.42 ** | 356.80 ± 402.64 ## | 248.25 ± 262.90 ## | NUM |
| PC(36:4) | 10.5958_782.5688 | 3.02 | 4685.98 ± 7215.85 | 19,441.81 ± 14,285.09 * | 5760.80 ± 7153.05# | 4855.63 ± 3996.21 # | Glycerophospholipid metabolism; Linoleic acid metabolism; Arachidonic acid metabolism; alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites |
| Valyl-Leucine | 4.0200_231.1707 | 4.23 | 82,347.30 ± 15,277.29 | 56,815.96 ± 11,255.82 * | 82,653.81 ± 17,597.53 # | 55,640.86 ± 20,887.14 | NUM |
| l-Leucine | 2.4894_132.1022 | 3.98 | 77,270.19 ± 19,282.77 | 46,539.18 ± 11,543.08 * | 72,540.58 ± 23,121.88 # | 63,797.58 ± 28,472.31 | Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis and degradation; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites; Biosynthesis of amino acids; Protein digestion and absorption; ABC transporters |
| Alanyl-Leucine | 3.4595_203.1393 | 3.12 | 30,881.02 ± 5469.33 | 20,193.62 ± 6616.19 * | 33,593.60 ± 11,567.90 # | 24,107.26 ± 10,181.59 | NUM |
| l-Phenylalanine | 3.3547_166.0865 | 3.20 | 62,390.84 ± 10,449.98 | 50,789.46 ± 5932.05 | 66,602.95 ± 17,891.97 # | 51,682.26 ± 10,729.99 | Phenylalanine metabolism; Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites; Biosynthesis of amino acids; ABC transporters; Protein digestion and absorption |
| l-Phenylalanine (Fragment) | 3.3594_120.081 | 3.81 | 52,558.23 ± 8271.70 | 45,012.33 ± 5773.60 | 61,986.71 ± 16,794.77 # | 51,397.55 ± 9687.96 | |
| Glutathione | 1.6432_308.0917 | 8.02 | 123,866.59 ± 72,656.44 | 53,551.25 ± 36,343.10 * | 62,413.02 ± 38,243.30 | 78,404.52 ± 52,299.03 | Cysteine and methionine metabolism; Glutathione metabolism; Metabolic pathways; ABC transporters; Bile secretion |
Peak area intensity were presented as mean ± standard deviation; RT, retention time; m/z, mass to charge ration; VIP, variable importance in partial least squares project; PC, Phosphatidylcholine; LysoPE, Lysophosphatidylethanolamine. Mean values were significantly different from those of the dextrose control group: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Mean values were significantly different from those of the alcohol control group: # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01.