AUC(0−t)	area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve from 0 h to the terminal time point
Cmax	maximum plasma drug concentration
CLz	clearance
CCA	common carotid artery
CYP450	cytochrome P450
ESI	electrospray ionization
ECA	external carotid artery
I/R	ischemia and reperfusion
IS	internal standard
ICA	internal carotid artery
LLOQ	lower limit of quantification
MCAO	middle cerebral artery occlusion I/R injury
MRT(0−t)	mean residence time
n-BuOH	n-butanol
QC	quality control
RSD	relative standard deviation
SIR	selected ion recording
SD	standard deviation
TMC	traditional Chinese medicine
TTC	2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride
t1/2z	terminal elimination half-life
UPLC-MS/MS	ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
UGTs	UDP-glucuronosyltransferases
Vz	apparent volume of distribution