Figure 2.
Inhibition of ROS production by gallic acid in phorbol ester-induced macrophage RAW264.7 cells. The cells were activated by PMA at 0.10 μg/mL concentration for 30 min (positive control). Gallic acid at different concentrations (0.50, 1.00 and 5.00 µM) were added to 1 × 106 macrophage cells for 24 h prior to PMA activation. ROS levels were expressed as DCF intensity, measured in the FL-1 mode of flow cytometer, mean ± standard deviation. This assay was performed with three replicates for each treatment. Different letters indicate the significant difference in each group with other treatments (p < 0.05, Duncan test).