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. 2016 Apr 5;21(4):447. doi: 10.3390/molecules21040447

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© 2016 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Top (A) Intermediate mycoparasitic stage of L. muscarium against Phytophtora palmivora: arrows show the contact between the thin mycelium of the Antarctic fungus and a P. palmivora sporangium; s = spores of L. muscarium. (B) Late mycoparasitic stage of L. muscarium against P. palmivora; the oomycete appeared completely overwhelmed by the fungus. Bottom. (C) Intermediate mycoparasitic stage of L. muscarium against Mucor mucedo: the Antarctic fungus (thin mycelium) establishes firm contact with the host (thick mycelium) and penetrates it. (D) Late mycoparasitic stage of L. muscarium against M. mucedo: the host appears completely overwhelmed. Extensive sporulation of L. muscarium is always recorded (modified from [19]).