Table 3.

Inhibitory effects of phytochemicals against selected Streptococcus species.

Species	Strain	Plant	EM	MIC, IZD	Ref.
S. pyogenes		Passiflora foetida L.	EE, ACE	100–400 µg/mL, 10–20 mm	[139]
	ATCC 19615	Ageratum conyzoides L.	AE, EE, ME	1–2 mg/mL	[140]
		Laggera tomentosa Sch-Bip
		Syzygeum guineense DC.
		Cordia africana Lam.
		Ferula communis L.
		Discopodium peninervum Hochst
		Olea europea subsp. cuspidate
		Crescentia cujete L.	CEE	5 mg/mL	[141]
	Cl	Uvaria chamae P. Beauv	CAE, HAE	9–12 mm, 100 µg/mL	[127]
		Vernonia amygdalina Del.
		Garcinia kola Heckel
	CI	Uvaria chamae P. Beauv	CDEE, HEE	6–21 mm, 100 µg/mL	[127]
		Vernonia amygdalina Del.
		Garcinia kola Heckel
		Aframomum melegueta Schum.
	CI	Zingiber officinale Roscoe	EE	2–6 mm, 0.0005–0.389 µg/mL	[142]
	CI	Garcinia kola Heckel	EE	0.0005–0.44 µg/mL	[142]
	CI	Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt	HE	5.5–7 mm	[143]
	CI	Eucalyptus globulus Labill.	ME	32–64 mg/L	[144]
	HITM 100	Quercus ilex L.	BE, EAE	10 mm, 512 μg/mL	[106]
	CI	Prunus armeniaca L.	CEE, BE	250 μg/mL	[145]
	ATCC 19615	Capsicum chinense Jacq.	AE	15–34 mm	[146]
	ATCC 19615	Allium sativum L.	AE	29 mm	[146]
	CI	Spilanthes acmella Murr.	CHE	256 μg/mL	[147]
	CI	Cinnamomum zeylanicum Garcin ex Blume	EO	6.25 µL/mL	[107]
	CI	Thymus vulgaris L. Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perr	EO	12.5 µL/mL	[107]
	CI	Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.	EE	10–15 mm	[108]
S. mutans	ATCC 25175	Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner	AE	5 mg/mL	[148,149]
	ATCC 25175	Baeckea frutescens L.	75% ME	14–22 mm, 20, 50 mg/mL	[150,151]
		Glycyrrhiza glabra L.
		Kaempferia pandurata Roxb.
		Physalis angulata L.
		Quercus infectoria Oliv.
	MTCC-890	Nut gall (Quercus infectoria)	Petro, ether Water, metahnol	12–23 mm	[150]
	UA159	Rheedia brasiliensis Planch. & Triana	HE	1.25–2.5 μg/mL	[152]
	UA159	Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze	Epigallocatechin gallate by HPLC	31.25 μg/mL	[153]
	ATCC 700610	Prosopis spicigera Linn.	ACE, CHE DEE, EAE, EE, ME, PEE	9.76–1250 μg/mL	[154]
	ATCC 700610	Zingiber officinale Roscoe	ACE, CHE DEE, EAE, EE, ME, PEE	625–2500 μg/mL	[154]
		Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill	CE, PEE	40–320 μg/mL	[155]
	ATCC 25175	Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) A. M. Lu & Zhi Y. Zhang	commercial extract	6 μg/mL	[156,157]
S. puenomonia	CI	Zingiber officinale Roscoe	EE	0.001–0.7 µg/mL	[142]
	serotype 6B	Agaricus blazei Murill	AE		[158]
	serotype 6B	Plantago major L.	AE	0.48 mg/kg	[159]
	ATCC 49619, penicillin resistant and sensitive clinical strains	Garcinia afzelii Engl.	90% EE	6– >1500 µg/mL	[160]
		Andira inermis (W. Wright) Kunth ex DC.
		Keetia hispida (Benth.) Bridson
		Uapaca togoensis Pax Combretum molle (R. Br. x. G. Don)
		Erythrina senegalensis DC.
		Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.)
	CI	Garcinia kola Heckel	EE	0.00008–1.7 µg/mL	[142]
	CI	Eucalyptus globulus Labill.	ME	16–32 mg/L	[144]
	ATCC 49619	Salvia tom entosa Mill.	EO	2.25 mg/mL	[161]
	CI	Thymus vulgaris L. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Garcin ex Blume	EO	6.25 µL/mL	[107]
	Antibiotic resistant strains	Eucalyptus globulus Labill.	CAE	0.7 mg/mL	[162]
	CI	Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perr	EO	12.5 µL/mL	[107]
	ATCC 49619	Euphorbia hirta L.	AE, EE, ME	6–11 mm, 60–80 mg/mL	[163]
		Laggera tomentosa Sch-Bip	ME, AE	1–2 mg/mL	[140]
		Syzygeum guineense (Wild.) DC.
		Cordia africana Lam.
		Ferula communis L.
		Olea europea subsp. cuspidate
S. agalactiae	NCIM 2401	Ficus tsiela Roxb.	EE	9.5 mm	[109]
	NCIM 2401	Hibiscus sabdariffa L.	AE	9 mm	[109]
	HITM 80	Quercus ilex L.	BE, EAE	8–11 mm, 512 μg/mL	[106]
	CI	Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perr Cinnamomum zeylanicum Garcin ex Blume	EO	12.5 µL/mL	[107]
	CI	Thymus vulgaris L.	EO	6.25 µL/mL	[107]
	CI	Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv.	CAE, CME	2–7 mm	[110]
		Tridax Procumbens L.
		Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.	EE	15 mm	[108]

Abbreviations: ACE; Acetone Extract, AE; Aqueous Extract, BE; Butanolic Extract, CAE; Crude Aqueous Extract, CDEE; Cold Ethanolic Extract, CE; Crude Extract, CHE; Chloroform Extract, CEE; Crude Ethanolic Extract, CI; Clinical Isolate, CME; Crude Methanolic Extract, DEE; diethyl ether extract, EAE; Ethyl Acetate Extract, EE; Ethanolic Extract, EM; Extraction Method, EO; Essential Oil, HAE; Hot Aqueous Extract, HE; Hexane Extract, HPLC; High Performance Liquid Chromatography, IZD; Inhibition Zone Diameter, ME; Methanolic Extract, MIC; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, PE; Petroleum Extract, PEE; Petroleum Ether Extract, Ref.; References.