Table 5.
Inhibitory effects of pure phytochemicals against adhesion, biofilm formation, quorum sensing and hydrophobicity.
| Bioactive Compounds | Bacterial Strain | Concentration and Assay Type | Results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (−)-Epicatechin (−)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (−)-epigallocatechin (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate |
S. pyogenes DSM 2071 | 30 μg/mL Adhesion reduction to HEp-2 cells |
(−)-epigallocatechin 15% (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate 40% |
[164] |
| Morin | S. pyogenes MGAS 6180 | 225 μM Biofilm biomass reduction |
50%–60% | [175] |
| Ursolic acid (UA) Oleanolic acid (OA) |
S. mutans UA159 Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987 |
1024 μg/mL Adherence inhibition to tooth surface |
Complete inhibition | [176] |
| EGCG | ComC-deficient S. mutans | 0.25 mg/mL Biofilm inhibition |
81% Biofilm inhibition | [177] |
| QS inhibition | Partial inhibition |
Abbreviations: ComC; competence factor, EGCG; Epigallocatechingallate, HEp-2; Human Epithelial Type 2 (Hep-2) Cells, OA; Oleanolic Acid, QS; Quorum Sensing, Ref.; References, UA; Ursolic Acid.