Figure 3.

Effect of various VA preparations on the CD4⁺ T cell responses. DCs were treated with medium alone (DC Ctrl, labelled as ‘C’) or with five preparations of VA for 48 h. These DCs were co-cultured with CD4⁺ T cells at 1:10 ratio. After five days of co-culture, the cells were analysed for the various CD4⁺ T cell subsets by intra-cellular cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17A) or transcription factor (FoxP3) for Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tregs respectively. (A,C,E,G) representative dot plots showing the proportion of IFN-γ⁺, IL-4⁺, IL-17A⁺ CD4⁺ T cell and CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T cells respectively; (B,D,F,H) Percentage (mean ± SEM, six independent donors) of IFN-γ⁺ Th1, IL-4⁺ Th2, IL-17A⁺ Th17 and CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Treg cells respectively. ns, non-significant.