Figure 5.

The effects of the purified endophyte-derived anti-fungal compounds on F. graminearum in vitro using neutral red staining. (a) Cartoon of the experimental methodology used to examine the in vitro interactions between F. graminearum (pink) and each compound (orange) or the buffer control (respective compound solvent). Microscope slides were pre-coated with PDA and incubated for 24 h. F. graminearum hyphae were then stained with neutral red. Shown are representative microscope slide pictures (n = 3) of the interactions of F. graminearum with: (b) 5-hydroxy benzofuranone (5 mg/mL) compared to (c) the buffer control; (d) dehydrocostus lactone (5 mg/mL) compared to (e) the buffer control; (f) harpagoside (5 mg/mL) compared to (g) the buffer control. The blue arrows point to areas of apparent breakage of F. graminearum hyphae. Each scale bar equals 25 µm.