Table 1.
Some common chemical components of essential oils extracted from leaves of Eucalyptus spp. a.
| Eucalyptus spp. | Origin | Components of Eucalyptus EOs | EOs Yields (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E. camaldulensis | Argentina | 1,8-cineole (19.1%), p-cymene (17.9%), β-phellandrene (16.3%) | 0.38 | [63,64,65] |
| Brazil | 1,8-cineole (52.8%), limonene (14.2%), γ-terpinene (6.8%), α-pinene (6.1%) | 0.63 | [66,67] | |
| Brazil | 1,8-cineole (44.8%), α-phellandrene (22.9%), p-cymene (9.8%) | 3.00 | [68] | |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1,8-cineole (58.9%), myrtenol (4.3%), myrtenal (3.5%) | 0.30 b | [53] | |
| Egypt | 1,8-cineole (60.3%), α-pinene (13.6%), γ-terpinene (8.8%) | - | [69] | |
| India | α-phellandrene (27.5%), β-pinene (23.5%), m-cymene (9.5%), 1,8-cineole (8.7%) | 1.97 b | [70] | |
| Iran | 1,8-cineole (74.7%) | - | [71] | |
| Kenya | 1,8-cineole (18.9%), α-cadinol (6.4%), β-phellandrene (2.6%) | - | [72] | |
| Nigeria | 1,8-cineole (70.4%), β-pinene (9.0%), α-pinene (8.8%) | 0.26 | [73] | |
| Northern Cyprus | 1,8-cineole (19.0%), β-caryophyllene (11.6%), carvacrol (9.1%) | - | [74] | |
| Pakistan | linalool (17.0%), 1,8-cineole (16.1%), p-cymene (12.2%) | 1.90 | [75] | |
| Spain | spathulenol (41.5%), p-cymene (21.9%) | 0.71 | [76] | |
| Taiwan | 1,8-cineole (29.6%), limonene (15.2%), β-pinene (9.9%), α-pinene (9.7%) | 3.48 | [77] | |
| Taiwan | α-pinene (22.5%), p-cymene (21.7%), α-phellandrene (20.1%), 1,8-cineole (9.5%) | 0.57 | [78] | |
| Tunisia | 1,8-cineole (20.6%), α-pinene (16.5%) | 0.76–1.42 | [79,80] | |
| E. cinerea | Argentina | 1,8-cineole (88.5%), α-terpineol (9.0%), α-pinene (2.0%) | - | [81] |
| Argentina | 1,8-cineole (79.8%), α-terpinyl acetate (8.2%) | 2.48 | [63,64] | |
| Argentina | 1,8-cineole (62.1%), p-cymene (11.2%) | - | [82] | |
| Argentina | 1,8-cineole (56.9%), α-pinene (6.4%) | - | [83] | |
| Brazil | 1,8-cineole (83.6%), α-terpinyl acetate (5.4%), α-pinene (5.0%) | 3.56–5.02 | [84] | |
| Brazil | 1,8-cineole (75.7%), α-terpineol (9.7%), α-pinene (6.2%) | 6.07 | [85] | |
| Tunisia | 1,8-cineole (79.2%), α-terpinyl acetate (5.4%), α-pinene (4.1%) | 3.00 | [86] | |
| Tunisia | 1,8-cineole (70.4%), α-terpineol (10.3%) | 3.90 | [87] | |
| E. citriodora | Argentina | citronellal (76.0%), iso-isopulegol (9.0%), citronellyl acetate (7.3%) | [82] | |
| Australia | citronellal (68.9%), citronellol (7.6%), isopulegol (7.4%) | - | [88] | |
| Benin | citronellal (52.8%), citronellol (20.0%), citronellyl acetate (9.0%) | 4.60 | [89,90] | |
| Brazil | citronellal (94.9%), citronellyl acetate (2.6%), trans caryophyllene (2.5%) | - | [91] | |
| Brazil | citronellal (89.6%), citronellyl acetate (3.3%), 1,8-cineole (2.9%) | - | [92] | |
| Brazil | citronellal (82.3%), citronellyl acetate (7.8%), neothujan-3-ol (6.8%) | 4.00 | [93] | |
| Brazil | citronellal (76.0%), neo-iso-3-thujanol (11.8%) | 0.66 | [66,67] | |
| Brazil | β-citronellal (71.8%), (−)-isopulegol (7.3%), isopulegol (4.3%) | - | [94] | |
| Brazil | citronellal (71.8%), isopulegol (4.3%) | - | [95] | |
| Brazil | citronellal (71.1%), citronellol (8.8%) | - | [96] | |
| Brazil | citronellal (67.5%), citronellol (6.9%), menthol (6.1%) | - | [97] | |
| Brazil | citronellal (61.8%), isopulegol (15.5%), β-citronellol (7.9%) | - | [98] | |
| Brazil | citronellal (64.9%), iso-isopulegol (10.2%), citronellol (8.3%) | 2.10 | [99] | |
| China | citronellal (65.9%), citronellol (10.5%), 1,8-cineole (3.0%) | - | [100,101] | |
| China | citronellal (55.3%), citronellol (8.3%) | - | [102] | |
| E. citriodora | Colombia | citronellal (49.3%), citronellol (13.0%), isopulegol (12.9%) | 0.70 | [103] |
| Colombia | citronellal (40.0%), isopulegol (14.6%), citronellol (13.0%) | - | [104,105] | |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | citronellal (72.7%), citronellol (6.3%), eugenol (3.5%) | 1.63 b | [53] | |
| India | citronellal (52.2%), citronellol (12.3%), isopulegol (11.9%) | 0.60 | [26] | |
| India | citronellal (48.3%), citronellol (21.9%), iso-isopulegol (12.7%) | 2.36–4.80 | [54] | |
| Indonesia | citronellal (90.1%), citronellol (4.3%) | - | [106] | |
| Kenya | 1,8-cineole (11.2%), β-pinene (3.2%), terpinen-4-ol (3.1%) | - | [72] | |
| Pakistan | citronellal (22.3%), citronellol (20.0%) | 1.82 | [75] | |
| South Korea | citronellal (73.0%), isopulegol (6.7%) | - | [107] | |
| Taiwan | citronellal (49.5%), citronellol (11.9%), iso-isopulegol (10.4%) | 1.89 | [77] | |
| Tunisia | 1,8-cineole (54.1%), α-pinene (23.6%) | 3.30 | [49,108] | |
| E. globulus | Algeria | 1,8-cineole (55.3%), spathulenol (7.4%), α-terpineol (5.5%) | 2.53 | [109] |
| Argentina | 1,8-cineole (77.9%), α-terpineol (6.0%) | 2.25 | [63,64] | |
| Argentina | 1,8-cineole (76.7%), α-pinene (11.1%) | 1.66 | [63,110] | |
| Argentina | 1,8-cineole (52.3%–62.1%) | 1.31–1.49 | [111] | |
| Australia | 1,8-cineole (90.0%), α-pinene (2.2%) | - | [112] | |
| Australia | 1,8-cineole (81.1%), limonene (7.6%), α-pinene (4.0%) | - | [113] | |
| Brazil | 1,8-cineole (90.0%), tricyclene (3.0%) | - | [114] | |
| Brazil | 1,8-cineole (85.8%), α-pinene (9.9%) | - | [91] | |
| Brazil | 1,8-cineole (83.9%), limonene (8.2%), α-pinene (4.2%) | - | [95,115] | |
| Brazil | 1,8-cineole (77.5%), α-pinene (14.2%) | 3.10 | [116] | |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1,8-cineole (44.3%), camphene (23.1%), α-pinene (9.3%), globulol (7.3%) | 1.87 b | [53] | |
| Egypt | 1,8-cineole (21.4%), o-cimene (21.4%), α-pinene (6.7%), spathulenol (6.3%) | - | [117] | |
| Ethiopia | 1,8-cineole (63.0%), α-pinene (16.1%) | - | [118] | |
| India | 1,8-cineole (81.9%), limonene (6.6%) | - | [119] | |
| India | 1,8-cineole (68.8%), α-pinene (2.8%) | - | [120] | |
| India | 1,8-cineole (66.3%), cis-ocymene (21.3%), α-terpinyl acetate (3.4%) | - | [121] | |
| India | 1,8-cineole (44.4%), limonene (17.8%), p-cymene (9.5%) | - | [43] | |
| India | 1,8-cineole (33.6%), α-pinene (14.2%), limonene (10.1%) | - | [122] | |
| Indonesia | 1,8-cineole (86.5%), α-pinene (4.7%) | - | [106] | |
| Iran | 1,8-cineole (84.5%), limonene (8.50%) | - | [123] | |
| Iran | 1,8-cineole (47.2%), spathulenol (18.1%), α-pinene (9.6%) | - | [124] | |
| Italy | 1,8-cineole (84.9%), α-pinene (5.6%), p-cymene (5.3%) | - | [125] | |
| Kenya | 1,8-cineole (17.2%), α-pinene (7.1%), spathulenol (6.5%) | - | [72] | |
| Montenegro | 1,8-cineole (85.8%), α-pinene (7.2%), β-myrcene (1.5%) | 1.80 b | [126] | |
| Morocco | 1,8-cineole (22.4%), limonene (7.0%), solanone (6.1%), β-pinene (5.2%) | 1.21 | [127] | |
| Pakistan | 1,8-cineole (56.5%), limonene (28.0%) | 1.89 | [75] | |
| Spain | 1,8-cineole (63.8%), α-pinene (16.1%) | - | [128] | |
| E. grandis | Argentina | α-pinene (52.7%), 1,8-cineole (18.4%), p-cymene (8.7%) | 0.36 | [65,129,130] |
| Brazil | p-cymene (59.6%), γ-terpinene (29.2%) | 0.26 | [68] | |
| Brazil | α-pinene (40.6%), γ-terpinene (16.3%), p-cymene (13.1%) | 0.31 | [66,67] | |
| Brazil | γ-terpinene (16.8%), o-cymene (16.7%), β-pinene (11.5%) | 2.00 | [93] | |
| Taiwan | 1,8-cineole (19.8%), α-terpinyl acetate (12.8%), α-pinene (11.4%) | 3.01 | [77] | |
| E. saligna | Argentina | 1,8-cineole (93.2%) | - | [131] |
| Argentina | 1,8-cineole (93.2%), limonene (3.3%) | - | [82] | |
| Argentina | 1,8-cineole (34.0%), p-cymene (21.3%), γ-terpinene (20.10%), α-pinene (13.0%) | 0.36 | [63,64] | |
| Brazil | 1,8-cineole (45.2%), p-cymene (34.4%), α-pinene (12.8%) | 0.50 | [116] | |
| Brazil | p-cymene (25.6%), α-terpineol (9.3%), α-camphonellal (8.0%), 1,8-cineole (6.2%) | 0.50 | [93] | |
| Brazil | α-pinene (92.3%) | 1.42 | [68] | |
| Brazil | α-pinene (45.1%), p-cymene (22.5%), α-pinene oxide (11.3%) | 0.40 | [132] | |
| Brazil | α-pinene (25.9%), p-cymene (24.4%), γ-terpinene (24.6%) | 0.19 | [66,67] | |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1,8-cineole (61.3%), limonene (10.1%), p-cymene (7.2%) | 0.78 b | [53] | |
| Kenya | α-pinene (24.4%), 1,8-cineole (24.3%), o-cimene (9.9%), α-terpineol (8.8%) | 0.38 | [133] | |
| Nigeria | α-thujene (63.8%), 1,8-cineole (12.3%) | 0.30 | [73] | |
| E. tereticornis | Argentina | 1,8-cineole (37.5%), p-cymene (22.0%), γ-terpinene (10.8%) | - | [82] |
| Argentina | β-phellandrene (22.6%), 1,8-cineole (18.6%), p-cymene (14.5%), α-phellandrene (9.4%) | 0.60 | [63,64,65] | |
| Benin | p-cymene (31.1%), β-phellandrene (9.7%) | - | [134] | |
| Benin | p-cymene (16.7%), caryophyllene oxide (14.2%), spathulenol (13.5%), cryptone (11.4%) | 1.00 | [89] | |
| Brazil | β-pinene (22.4), 1,8-cineole (19.3%), α-pinene (13.6%), α-phellandrene (10.3%) | 2.30 | [68] | |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | p-cymene (28.6%), cryptone (17.8%), α-pinene (8.3%) | 0.45 b | [53] |
a The compounds are listed according to their decreasing quantities; b Fresh leaves; (-): not reported. A complete Table of common chemical components of essential oils extracted from leaves of Eucalyptus spp. is in Supplementary Materials.