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. 2016 Jul 27;21(8):931. doi: 10.3390/molecules21080931

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© 2016 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Capsaicin biosynthetic pathway modified from Arora et al. [11]. Enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway: PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; C4H, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase; Ca3H, coumaric acid 3-hydroxylase; COMT, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase; pAMT, putative aminotransferase; BCAT, branchedchain amino acid transferase; FAS fatty acid synthase complex, KAS, β-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] (ACP) synthase; ACL, acyl carrier protein; FATA, acyl-ACP thioesterase; Desnaturase; ACS, acyl-CoA synthase; CS, capsaicin synthase.