Table 2.

Studies evaluating capsaicin anticancer effect in vivo.

Animal Model	Capsaicin Doses	Treatment	Results	Ref.
BALB/cJ and BALB/cJ nu/un mice injected with live tumor cells CT26	100–200 μg	Intratumoral on Days 5, 10 and 15	Retarded progression of injected tumors	[81]
BNX nu/un male mice mice injected with PC-3 cells	5 mg/kg/day	Gavage 3 days per week for 4 weeks	Reduced tumor growth	[53]
Athymic nude mice injected with PC-3 cells	5 mg/kg body weight	Subcutaneous injection every two days for 14 days	Suppressed PC-3 tumor growth and induced apoptosis	[51]
Female athymic nude mice injected subcutaneously with AsPC-1 tumor cells	2.5 mg/kg body weight	Five times a week	Suppressed growth of tumor xenografts without adverse effects	[61]
	5 mg/kg body weight	Three times a week		[61]
Male athymic nu/nu mice injected with U266 cells	1 mg/kg	Twice a week for 3 weeks	Inhibited growth of U266 xenograft tumors	[60]
Male Athymic nude mice injected subcutaneously with T24 cells	5 mg/kg	Subcutaneous injection every 3 days for 4 weeks	Slowed growth of xenograph tumors	[67]
Female triple deficient beige/nude/xid mice (BNX) injected with MDA-MB231 cells	5 mg/kg	Oral gavage 3 days per week for 4 weeks	Decrease the size of tumors by 50%	[46]
Male nude mice injected subcutaneously with H69 cells	10 mg/kg body weight	Solid diet until tumors of the control group reached 2000 mm3	Tumor growth suppression	[68]
Female BALB/c athymic nude mice injected subcutaneously with Colo 205 cells	1 mg/kg	Intraperitoneal injected. Four weeks of treatment	Inhibition of tumor growth	[46]
	3 mg/kg
Female athymic nude mice injected subcutaneously with AsPC-1 tumor cells	2.5 mg/kg	Orally fed 5 days a week for 6 weeks	Reduced tumor SOD activity by 60% and increased the ratio of oxidized glutathione to glutathione	[62]
Male BALB/c (nu/nu) athymic nude mice injected subcutaneously with PANC-1 cells	5 mg/kg body weight	Gavage 3 days per week for 4 weeks	Inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cell xenografts.	[41]