Figure 5.
Minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics in the presence and absence of R. echinus leaf essential oil for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ORe = R. echinus leaf essential oil. Statistical analysis: one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. *** p < 0.001 indicates significant difference when R. echinus leaf essential oil was added to the medium. ns, not significant; G = gentamicin, A = amikacin, I = imipenem, C = ciprofloxacin. Data show mean + SEM from three independent experiments performed in triplicate.