Table 3.
Identification of volatile compounds from the spearmint extract, with relative aromatic notes, calculated LRIs, identification methods, references, and relative amounts.
| ID | Identification | Flavour Note [32] | LRI-Wax | LRI-BP5 a | Identification Method | Ref. | Concentration (µg/100 mg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ethylbenzene | Prunus | 1127 | 871 | MS + LRI | [33] | 0.04 ± 0.01 |
| 2 | d-Limonene | Sweet, citrus and peely | 1200 | 1024 | MS + LRI | [34] | 0.04 ± 0.01 |
| 3 | Cosmene | Dahlia, Laurus nobilis | 1219 | 1006 | MS + LRI | NIST | 0.24 ± 0.08 |
| 4 | Cosmene (isomer) | 1252 | 1142 | MS + LRI | NIST | 0.41 ± 0.03 | |
| 5 | o-cymene | Lavander and cypress oil | 1274 | 1022 | MS + LRI | [35] | 0.06 ± 0.01 |
| 6 | Methyl-heptenone | Fruity, apple, musty, ketonic and creamy | 1343 | MS | 0.05 ± 0.01 | ||
| 7 | (z)-3-hexen-1-ol | Green, grassy, melon rind-like | 1387 | 853 | MS + LRI | [36] | 0.07 ± 0.01 |
| 8 | Amyl ethyl carbinol | Earthy | 1395 | 996 | MS | 0.29 ± 0.09 | |
| 9 | p-cymenene | Phenolic | 1444 | 1090 | MS + LRI | [35] | 3.39 ± 0.98 |
| 10 | Amyl vinyl carbinol | Earthy | 1453 | 979 | MS + LRI | [34] | 0.46 ± 0.11 |
| 11 | Furfural | Bready | 1473 | 828 | MS + LRI | [20] | 0.52 ± 0.12 |
| 12 | α-ionene | Plum | 1485 | MS | 0.13 ± 0.01 | ||
| 13 | Dihydroedulan II | (not reported) | 1496 | 1292 | MS + LRI | [37] | 0.69 ± 0.09 |
| 14 | Dihydroedulan II | (not reported) | 1526 | 1297 | MS + LRI | [37] | 2.27 ± 0.66 |
| 15 | β-linalool | Floral | 1551 | 1099 | MS + LRI | [38] | 1.52 ± 0.43 |
| 16 | (R)-(+)-menthofuran | Minty | 1565 | 1159 | MS + LRI | [39] | 0.16 ± 0.05 |
| 17 | 5-methylfurfural | Caramellic | 1582 | 957 | MS + LRI | [38] | 0.18 ± 0.03 |
| 18 | α-ionone | Floral | 1590 | 1428 | MS + LRI | [33] | 0.14 ± 0.02 |
| 19 | (not identified) | 1602 | 0.27 ± 0.08 | ||||
| 20 | Hotrienol | Sweet tropical | 1615 | 1105 | MS + LRI | [40] | 0.38 ± 0.19 |
| 21 | trans-p-metha-2,8-dienol | Minty | 1632 | 1121 | MS + LRI | [35] | 0.12 ± 0.03 |
| 22 | Safranal | Woody, spicy, phenolic, camphoreous | 1653 | 1196 | MS | 0.53 ± 0.13 | |
| 23 | 3-furanmethanol | Tobacco | 1667 | 851 | MS + LRI | [41] | 0.18 ± 0.01 |
| 24 | Tetramethyl-indane | (not reported) | 1676 | MS | 0.42 ± 0.09 | ||
| 25 | (not identified) | 1686 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | ||||
| 26 | Ethyl cyclopentenolone | Caramellic | 1691 | 1087 | MS | 0.75 ± 0.18 | |
| 27 | p-menthen-1-ol | Floral, minty, eucalyptus | 1701 | MS | 0.65 ± 0.19 | ||
| 28 | 4,7-dibenzofuran | (not reported) | 1714 | MS | 0.33 ± 0.06 | ||
| 29 | Menthone | Mentholic | 1735 | 1148 | MS + LRI | [35] | 2.18 ± 0.72 |
| 30 | Camphor | Camphoreous | 1748 | 1145 | MS + LRI | [35] | 0.20 ± 0.02 |
| 31 | 2-piperidin methenamine | (not reported) | 1759 | MS | 0.19 ± 0.08 | ||
| 32 | 1-(1-butenyl)pyrrolidine | (not reported) | 1783 | MS | 0.17 ± 0.05 | ||
| 33 | Methyl salicylate | Minty | 1785 | 1205 | MS + LRI | [33] | 0.21 ± 0.13 |
| 34 | trans-geraniol | Floral | 1804 | 1377 | MS + LRI | NIST | 0.10 ± 0.03 |
| 35 | Teresantalol | Magnolia | 1816 | 1205 | MS | 0.52 ± 0.12 | |
| 36 | β-damascenone | Woody, sweet, fruity, earthy | 1828 | 1381 | MS + LRI | [38] | 0.66 ± 0.17 |
| 37 | 5-isoproprenyl-2-methylcyclopent-1-enecarboxaldehyde | (not reported) | 1834 | MS | 0.43 ± 0.08 | ||
| 38 | Calamenene | Herbal | 1839 | 1525 | MS + LRI | [33] | 0.34 ± 0.11 |
| 39 | Piperitenone | Herbal, minty | 1849 | 1268 | MS + LRI | [35] | 0.69 ± 0.21 |
| 40 | p-cymen-8-ol | Sweet, fruity, cherry, coumarin | 1857 | 1175 | MS + LRI | [33] | 1.96 ± 0.74 |
| 41 | Exo-2-hydroxy cineole | Eucalyptus, basilicum | 1864 | MS | 0.36 ± 0.01 | ||
| 42 | 3,6-dimethyl-phenyl-1,4-diol | (not reported) | 1868 | MS | 0.44 ± 0.02 | ||
| 43 | Longipinene | Hinoki, cypress | 1884 | 1350 | MS + LRI | [42] | 0.74 ± 0.01 |
| 44 | Isopiperitenone | Minty | 1932 | 1340 | MS + LRI | NIST | 2.37 ± 0.94 |
| 45 | Damascenone (isomer) | 1948 | MS | 0.56 ± 0.12 | |||
| 46 | Mint lactone | Sweet, creamy, coumarinic and coconut | 1967 | MS | 0.46 ± 0.03 | ||
| 47 | α,β-dihydro-β-ionone | Woody | 1979 | 1406 | MS | 1.17 ± 0.69 | |
| 48 | Seudenone | Nutty | 1990 | 1050 | MS + LRI | NIST | 0.50 ± 0.19 |
| 49 | Dihydroxy-durene | (not reported) | 1998 | 1322 | MS | 0.31 ± 0.23 | |
| 50 | Cinerolon | Myrthus | 2011 | 1403 | MS | 0.64 ± 0.43 | |
| 51 | Carvone | Minty, licorice | 2054 | 1239 | MS + LRI | [33] | 0.18 ± 0.07 |
| 52 | 1-acetoxy-p-menth-3-one | Minty | 2114 | MS | 0.16 ± 0.05 | ||
| 53 | 2,6-diisopropyl naphtalene | (not reported) | 2144 | MS | 0.33 ± 0.08 | ||
| 54 | (naphtalene derivative) | 2158 | MS | 0.15 ± 0.05 | |||
| 55 | Eugenol | Spicy | 2164 | 1354 | MS + LRI | [35] | 0.75 ± 0.44 |
| 56 | 4-ethylphenol | Phenolic | 2171 | 1175 | MS + LRI | [38] | 0.17 ± 0.01 |
| 57 | Thymol | Herbal | 2179 | 1289 | MS + LRI | [35] | 0.62 ± 0.29 |
| 58 | 2-acetyl-4-methylphenol | Sweet heavy floral herbal | 2190 | 1180 | [43] | 0.95 ± 0.41 | |
| 59 | Carvacrol | Spicy | 2204 | 1298 | MS + LRI | [35] | 0.12 ± 0.03 |
a No value means not found in literature. Mean (n = 2) ± SD.