Figure 7.

Effects of PCA at different concentrations on R. solanacearum swarming in swarming medium. The swarming diameter was measured in both the vertical and horizontal direction on each plate after incubation for 24 h and 48 h at 28 °C. The mean value in both directions was calculated. The diameter represents the average of triplicate plates. The assays were independently repeated three times. The error bars indicate the standard error of the mean from three replicates. Lower case letters indicate significant differences according to Duncan’s test (p < 0.05).