Table 1.

Recent visible light active photocatalysts for water splitting.

Photocatalysts	Band Gap (eV)	Illumination	Hydrogen Production	Ref.
Pt, Cr, Ta Doped TiO2	N/A	Visible light (>420 nm)	11.7 μmol·h−1·g−1	[71]
Cu-Ga-In-S/TiO2	N/A	300 W Xe arc lamp (385–740 nm)	50.6 μmol·h−1	[72]
1 wt.%Pt/C-HS-TiO2	2.94	Visible light	5713.6 μmol·h−1·g−1	[73]
Platinized sub-10 nm rutile TiO2 (1 wt.% Pt)	2.7–2.9	Xe lamp (PLS-SXE, 300–2500 nm) with (UVREF: 320–400 nm, ca. 83 mW·cm−2; UVCUT400: 400–780 nm, ca. 80 mW·cm−2)	932 μmol·h−1·g−1 visible light 1954 μmol·h−1·g−1 simulated solar light	[74]
Rh- and La-codoped SrTiO3	N/A	300 W Xe lamp fitted with a cutoff filter (λ > 420 nm)	84 μmol·h−1	[75]
Cu1.94S-ZnxCd1−xS (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)	2.57−3.88	visible-light irradiation (λ > 420 nm)	7735 μmol·h−1·g−1	[76]
MoS2/Co2O3/poly(heptazine imide)	N/A	visible light irradiation	0.67 μmol·h−1	[77]
Bi4NbO8Cl	2.4	visible light	6.25 μmol·h−1	[78]
CdS nanorod/ ZnS nanoparticle	N/A	visible light irradiation (>420 nm)	239,000 μmol·h−1·g−1	[79]
Ni/CdS/g-C3N4	N/A	300 W Xe lamp (≥420 nm)	1258.7 μmol·h−1·g−1	[80]
CdS/WS/graphene	N/A	visible light irradiation (>420 nm)	1842 μmol·h−1·g−1	[81]
V-doped TiO2/RGO	N/A	visible light irradiation	160 μmol·h−1	[82]
Pt/g-C3N4 Conjugated Polymers	2.56	visible light irradiation (>420 nm)	1.2 μmol·h−1	[83]
Au–TiO2 Nanohybrids	N/A	Vis-NIR irradiation (>420 nm )	647,000 μmol·h−1·g−1	[84]
SrTiO3:La,Rh/Au/BiVO4:Mo	N/A	300 W Xe lamp fitted with a cutoff filter (λ > 420 nm)	90 μmol·h−1	[85]
CoOx-B/TiO2-TaON	N/A	150 W Xe Lamp arc (>400 nm)	40 μmol·h−1	[86]
MoS2/CuInS2	N/A	300 W Xe lamp fitted with a cutoff filter (λ > 420 nm)	202 μmol·h−1·g−1	[87]
Copper-Organic Framework; H2PtCl6	2.1	UV-Visible irradiation	30 μmol·h−1·g−1	[88]