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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 9.
Published in final edited form as: Lab Chip. 2018 Oct 9;18(20):3129–3143. doi: 10.1039/c8lc00322j

Figure 1 – Schematic of PD-1/CTLA-4 Blockade. Schematic detailing basic steps involved in generation of tumor-specific T cells.

Figure 1 –

Shown is a schematic of a tumor cell, CD8 effector T cell, and an antigen-presenting cell (APC), with associated cell-cell interactions via PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4/B7. Tumor-associated antigens or neo-antigens are presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on APCs or tumor cells to T cells with appropriate T-cell receptor (TCR). CD28 co-activating receptor on T cells binds B7 on APCs. Anti-PD-(L)1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies are shown.