Table 1.
Patient clinical characteristics at time of HCC diagnosis, stratified by race/ethnicity
| White (n=401) | Black (n=384) | Hispanic (n=332) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Age (years) | 61.0 ± 9.4 | 59.0 ± 7.7 | 60.7 ± 10.0 | 0.006 |
|
| ||||
| Gender (% male) | 332 (82.8%) | 292 (76.2%) | 237 (71.4%) | 0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Hospital | < 0.001 | |||
| Parkland Health and Hospital | 187 (46.6) | 319 (83.1) | 267 (80.4) | |
| UT Southwestern Medical Center | 214 (53.4) | 65 (16.9) | 65 (19.6) | |
|
| ||||
| Medical insurance | < 0.001 | |||
| Commercial insurance | 97 (24.2) | 32 (8.3) | 37 (11.1) | |
| Medicare | 132 (32.9) | 104 (27.1) | 77 (23.2) | |
| Medicaid | 59 (14.7) | 106 (27.6) | 66 (19.9) | |
| Parkland financial assistance* | 113 (28.2) | 142 (37.0) | 152 (45.8) | |
|
| ||||
| Body mass index | < 0.001 | |||
| Normal (< 25) | 139 (35.7) | 156 (41.2) | 73 (22.1) | |
| Overweight (25 – < 30) | 136 (35.0) | 126 (33.3) | 133 (40.3) | |
| Obese (30 – < 35) | 68 (17.5) | 62 (16.4) | 81 (24.6) | |
| Morbidly obese (≥35) | 46 (11.8) | 35 (9.2) | 43 (13.0) | |
|
| ||||
| Marital status (% married) | 150 (37.9) | 86 (22.8) | 139 (42.9) | < 0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Education (% some college) | 101 (48.3) | 34 (21.3) | 20 (13.6) | < 0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Employment (% active employment) | 86 (27.7) | 43 (18.0) | 37 (17.1) | 0.003 |
|
| ||||
| Alcohol history (% active heavy use) | 60 (15.2) | 82 (21.9) | 56 (17.0) | 0.04 |
|
| ||||
| Metabolic syndrome, any component | 287 (71.6) | 323 (84.1) | 272 (81.9) | < 0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Performance status | 0.22 | |||
| ECOG 0–1 | 335 (84.2) | 310 (80.7) | 267 (80.9) | |
| ECOG 2 | 52 (13.0) | 50 (13.0) | 46 (13.9) | |
| ECOG 3 | 11 (2.8) | 24 (6.3) | 17 (5.2) | |
|
| ||||
| Hepatology subspecialty care during year prior to HCC diagnosis | 131 (32.8) | 84 (21.9) | 96 (29.0) | 0.003 |
|
| ||||
| Liver disease etiology | < 0.001 | |||
| Hepatitis C | 269 (67.4) | 315 (82.9) | 147 (45.0) | |
| Hepatitis B | 15 (3.8) | 30 (7.9) | 6 (1.8) | |
| Alcohol-related | 54 (13.5) | 16 (4.2) | 88 (26.9) | |
| NASH/cryptogenic | 46 (11.5) | 13 (3.4) | 77 (23.6) | |
|
| ||||
| Platelet count | 135 ± 88 | 174 ± 102 | 124 ± 83 | < 0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 2.1 ± 3.7 | 1.7 ± 2.5 | 2.3 ± 3.2 | 0.04 |
|
| ||||
| Presence of hepatic encephalopathy | 93 (23.3) | 33 (8.6) | 92 (27.8) | < 0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Presence of ascites | 195 (48.6) | 129 (33.6) | 177 (53.3) | < 0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Child Pugh class | < 0.001 | |||
| Child Pugh A | 194 (48.4) | 216 (56.4) | 124 (37.4) | |
| Child Pugh B | 153 (38.1) | 131 (34.2) | 147 (44.3) | |
| Child Pugh C | 54 (13.5) | 36 (9.4) | 61 (18.4) | |
Continuous data expressed as mean ± standard deviation
ECOG – Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; NASH – nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
*
Parkland offers a sliding fee scale program, which provides access to subspecialty medical care, including hepatocellular carcinoma screening and treatment, at low cost for uninsured Dallas County residents
**
Percentages are reported among patients with non-missing data