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. 2018 Nov 14;19(11):3589. doi: 10.3390/ijms19113589

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Sphingolipid metabolic pathways and concentration levels of the related metabolites in each of the three trimesters of pregnancy and post partum as follow: black bars for the first trimester of pregnancy, red bars for the second trimester of pregnancy, blue bars for the third trimester of pregnancy, and green bars for the post-partum period. The de novo synthesis pathway is reported in Panel (A), the sphingomyelin pathway is represented in Panel (B), the catabolic pathway is schematized in Panel (C), and glucosylceramide synthesis is summarized in Panel (D). SPT: serinepalmitoyltransferase; 3-KSR: 3-ketosphinganine reductase; CS: ceramidesynthetase; DES: dihydroceramidedesaturase; Smase: sphingomyelinase; SMS: sphingomyelinsynthetase; Cdase: ceramidase; CS: ceramide synthase; SK: spingosine kinase; S1PP: spingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase; GCS: glycosylceramide synthase; Gcase: glycosylceramidase.