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. 2018 Nov 3;19(11):3458. doi: 10.3390/ijms19113458

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Cytokine, chemokine and growth factors production. Released IL-1β (A), TNF-α (B), MCP-1 (C), IL-6 (D), IL-8 (E), IL-10 (F), VEGF (G), TGF-β (H) quantified by ELISA, indicating the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines; concomitant with the secretion of IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine by THP-1 in contact with the build-up substrates. Mean TNF-α/mean IL-10 index (I), confirming a weak inflammatory profile of THP-1 in contact with the build-up substrates (n = 10, Mann Whitney statistical test).