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. 2018 Nov 14;19(11):3598. doi: 10.3390/ijms19113598

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Purine de novo synthesis and its regulation. PRPP (5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate) is synthesized from ribose-5-phosphate (Rib-5-P) by PRPS (PRPP synthetase). Six enzymes catalyze the ten steps required to convert PRPP into IMP: PPAT (PRPP amidotransferase), trifunctional GART (phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase/phosphoribosyl glycinamide transformylase/ phophoribosyl aminoimidazole synthetase), FGAMS (phosphoribosyl glycinamidine synthase), bifunctional PAICS (phosphoribosyl aminoimidazole carboxylase/phosphoribosyl aminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase), ADSL (adenylosuccinate lyase), and bifunctional ATIC (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase). IMP is converted to IMP and GMP. AdSS: Adenylosuccinate synthase, IMPDH: IMP dehydrogenase, GMPS: GMP synthetase. PRA: phosphoribosylamine. +: activation; −: inhibition.