Figure 8.

VPA maintains acetylation of FoxO1 and attenuates hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic rats. FoxO1 protein was not significantly different between LETO and OLETF rats regardless of VPA treatment (A); FoxO1 acetylation was analyzed by western blot with anti-acetyl-lysine antibodies after immunoprecipitation (IP) with anti-FoxO1 antibodies. A representative immunoblot showing that FoxO1 acetylation is increased by VPA administration is presented. Data show the mean ± SEM of five independent experiments (** p < 0.01 vs. vehicle OLETF); (B) A summary of the involvement of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in gluconeogenesis is shown. HDAC inhibitors increased acetylation of FoxO1 by inhibiting HDAC3 and HDAC4, which interfered with the DNA binding activity of FoxO1.