Table 5.

Behavioral analysis of piglets (n = 120) pre-treatment and post-treatment across all litters, replicates, and time points.

		Pre-castration		Post-castration
	Behavior1	Treatment P-value	Pre-treatment (115)2	Treatment P-value3	Time P-value	Time*Treatment P-value	NSAID-castrated5 (402)	NSAID-uncastrated6 (405)
Proportion (Duration)	Awake inactive	0.8992	0.55 ± 0.05	0.6807	<0.0001	0.0581	0.50 ± 0.03	0.52 ± 0.02
	Lying	0.7540	0.66 ± 0.05	0.6996	<0.0001	0.1350	0.65 ± 0.04	0.68 ± 0.04
	Nosing	0.2154	0.05 ± 0.01	0.2732	<0.0001	0.0039	0.03 ± 0.00	0.04 ± 0.00
	Sleeping	0.1341	0.39 ± 0.04	0.3097	<0.0001	0.0077	0.53 ± 0.03	0.47 ± 0.03
	Standing	0.1922	0.30 ± 0.05	0.6248	<0.0001	0.1666	0.32 ± 0.03	0.34 ± 0.03
	Suckling	0.3407	0.16 ± 0.03	0.3568	<0.0001	0.2430	0.18 ± 0.02	0.15 ± 0.02
	Tail wagging	0.0900	0.02 ± 0.00	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0006	0.05 ± 0.00a	0.02 ± 0.00b
	Walking	0.0934	0.09 ± 0.01	0.03474	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.08 ± 0.00	0.08 ± 0.00
	Desynchronized	0.6852	0.11 ± 0.05	0.04044	0.0447	0.3329	0.14 ± 0.03	0.09 ± 0.02
	Active7	0.6597	0.34 ± 0.04	0.6936	<0.0001	0.1528	0.35 ± 0.03	0.37 ± 0.03
	Pain8	0.4968	0.03 ± 0.00	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0001	0.06 ± 0.00a	0.02 ± 0.00b

Values presented are the proportional means ± SE.

^a−bMeans with different superscripts in the same row differ significantly (p < 0.05).

¹Only significant behavior variables are presented.

²Total number of observations for each treatment group.

³Significant effects are indicated in bold.

⁴Not significant after Tukey-Kramer adjustment.

⁵NSAID-castrated includes: 0.4 mg/kg mel cast, 1.0 mg/kg mel cast, and 6.0 mg/kg ket cast piglets.

⁶NSAID-uncastrated includes: 0.4 mg/kg mel uncast, 1.0 mg/kg mel uncast, and 6.0 mg/kg ket uncast piglets.

⁷Active behaviors include: nosing, suckling, walking, chewing, playing, and running.

⁸Pain behaviors include: stiffness, trembling, spasms, tail wagging and rump scratching.