Table 3.
B cells and B cells related Ig and FcR genotypes relevant to the outcome of HIV-1 infection.
| Genes or products | Population | Phenotypes | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enriched gp41 IgG2b Enriched p24 IgG1a |
Elite Chronic subtype C infection |
Higher ADCP and ADCC | (119) (120, 121) |
| Glycan-dependent NAbs | LTNPs | (122) | |
| Increased Env-specific IgG2b plus Decreased Env-specific IgG3 | Losing infection control | (123) | |
| Higher IgG2 to gag; Higher IgG1 to p32 | Controllers carrying no protective HLA-B alleles | (127) | |
| Increased IgG1 in FcgRIIa-binding immune complexes | Non-controllers | (127) | |
| IgG to p24a | HIV controllers carrying no HLA-B*5701 | Stronger opsonophagocytosis | (128, 129) |
| Decreased CD39/CD73 on CD20 cells | Viremic progressors | Increased proliferation and exhaustion; Ab class switch | (124) |
| GM21 non-carriers within FcγRIIa Rb non-carriers at position 131; GM21 non-carriers within FcγRIIIa Vb allele carriers at position 158 |
Controllers >Non-controllers | Epistasis | (126) |
| KM1/3-GM3/17 interaction | Caucasians (vaccine trial) | Epistasis; Risk in HIV acquisition | (125) |
| KM1/3-GM5/21 interaction | All participants (vaccine trial) | Epistasis; Risk in HIV acquisition | (125) |
| GM23+/–FcγRIIIa interaction | Caucasians; All participants (vaccine trial) | Epistasis; Risk in HIV acquisition | (125) |
| FcγRIIa RRb at position 131 | Progressors (MACS cohort) (CD4 cell count <200/mm3) | Less affinity to IgG; Less internalization | (130) |
| FcγRIIIa VVb; FcγRIIa RR: FcγRIIIa FF |
Progressors Progressors |
Higher affinity to Fc; Immune activation | (131) (131) |
a
Protective effect deduced from multiple independent studies.
b
Controversy in distribution in infected populations.