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Respiratory quotient (RQ) (A), carbohydrate (CH) oxidation (B), fat oxidation (C), energy expenditure (EE) (D), and locomotor activity (E) in male F344 rats exposed to three different photoperiods for 11 weeks and fed a cafeteria diet for the last 7 weeks. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 10). P, photoperiod effect. abMean values with unlike letters were significantly different among groups (one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s post hoc test).
