Table 2. National or state-wide VAP prevention studies.
| Author | Location | ICU | Days MV | Period | Bundle | VAP rate* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resar (12), 2005 | USA | 35 (21 ≥95% compliance) | July 2002–January 2004 | IHI-VB [9] | Median: before 6.6; after, 2.7 | |
| Berenholtz (39), 2011 | Michigan USA | 113 | 550,800 | October 2003–September 2005 | IHI-VB [9] | Median: before 5.5–after 0; mean: before 6.9–after 3.4 |
| Sinuff (40), 2013 | Canada/USA | 11 | June 2007–December 2009 | Specific [51] | Before 14.2%; after 8.8%** | |
| Kao (41), 2017 | Taiwan | 10 | 81,027 | August 2013–October 2014 | Specific [41] | Before 1.9; after 1.5 |
| Álvarez-Lerma (44), 2018 | Spain | 181 | 505,802 | April 2011–December 2012 | Specific [52] | Median: before 9.83; after 4.34 |
| Jadot (43), 2018 | Belgium | 60 | 2010–2016 | Specific [43] | 28% [2010]–10.1% [2016]** |
*, VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia per 1,000 ventilator-days; **, % de ventilated patients. VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia; ICU, intensive care unit; MV, mechanical ventilation.