Fig. 1.

GO categories with significant enrichment for signatures of strong positive selection. (A and B) GO functional categories’ ratios of expected to observed counts of outlier genes (with PBS selection index $<$0.01) in the Batwa and Andamanese rainforest hunter-gatherers (A) and Bakiga and Brahmin agriculturalist control comparison (B). Results are shown for GO biological processes and molecular functions. Point size is scaled to number of annotated genes in each category. Terms that are significantly overrepresented for genes with signatures of potential positive selection (Fisher’s $P<0.01$) in either population are shown in blue and for both populations convergently (empirical permutation-based $p\hspace{0.17em}\le \hspace{0.17em}0.001$) are shown in orange. Colored lines represent 95% CI for significant categories estimated by bootstrapping genes within pathways. Black outlines indicate growth-associated terms: the “growth” biological process (GO:0040007) and its descendant terms or the molecular functions “growth factor binding,” “growth factor receptor binding,” “growth hormone receptor activity,” and “growth factor activity” and their subcategories.