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. 2018 Oct 29;8(19):5482–5500. doi: 10.7150/thno.28315

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Accurate and proactive immunomodulation via IL-4 induced an anti-inflammatory host response accompanied by a reduction in local tissue cell apoptosis at the early stage of DBM implantation. Four doses of IL-4 (0 ng, 10 ng, 50 ng and 100 ng) were used. (A-B) Immunohistochemistry assay of the DBM and surrounding tissues at 7 and 14 days for the secretion of (A) IL-10 and (B) TNF-α. (C) TUNEL assay to assess apoptosis in the tissue surrounding the material. Apoptotic cells exhibit green fluorescence. (D) Representative images and summary of immunohistochemical staining of cleaved-Caspase 3. Bar = 200 μm. For all charts, the groups designated by different uppercase letters or lowercase letters were significantly different (p < 0.05).