Table 2.
General and occupational characteristics of male subjects associated with the work-related musculoskeletal symptoms
| Characteristics | Upper limb pain | p-value* | Lower limb pain | p-value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No(%) | Yes(%) | No(%) | Yes(%) | |||
| Total | 9493(73.6) | 3400(26.4) | 10,782(83.6) | 2111(16.4) | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 20–29 | 1356(84.6) | 246(15.4) | < 0.001 | 1461(91.2) | 141(8.8) | < 0.001 |
| 30–39 | 2813(77.8) | 804(22.2) | 3199(88.4) | 418(11.6) | ||
| 40–49 | 2623(73.2) | 960(26.8) | 3024(84.4) | 559(15.6) | ||
| 50–59 | 1734(66.5) | 872(33.5) | 2008(77.1) | 598(22.9) | ||
| ≥ 60 | 967(65.1) | 518(34.9) | 1090(73.4) | 395(26.6) | ||
| Education | ||||||
| Middle school graduate or below | 674(54.5) | 563(45.5) | < 0.001 | 797(64.4) | 440(35.6) | < 0.001 |
| High school graduate | 3153(67.9) | 1489(32.1) | 3684(79.4) | 958(20.6) | ||
| College graduate or above | 5666(80.8) | 1348(19.2) | 6301(89.9) | 713(10.2) | ||
| Monthly income (KRW) | ||||||
| < 1,300,000 | 1089(72.5) | 413(27.5) | < 0.001 | 1170(77.9) | 332(22.1) | < 0.001 |
| 1,300,000-1,999,000 | 1576(69.5) | 692(30.5) | 1790(78.9) | 478(21.1) | ||
| 2,000,000-2,999,000 | 3183(71.6) | 1261(28.4) | 3707(83.4) | 737(16.6) | ||
| ≥ 3,000,000 | 3645(77.9) | 1034(22.1) | 4115(87.9) | 564(12.1) | ||
| Occupation | ||||||
| Managers or Professionals | 1031(83.1) | 209(16.9) | < 0.001 | 1142(92.1) | 98(7.9) | < 0.001 |
| Office workers | 2981(84.7) | 537(15.3) | 3302(93.9) | 216(6.1) | ||
| Technicians | 2731(64.8) | 1486(35.2) | 3255(77.2) | 962(22.8) | ||
| Service or Sales workers | 1627(80.8) | 386(19.2) | 1752(87.0) | 261(13.0) | ||
| Manual workers | 1123(59.0) | 782(41.0) | 1331(69.9) | 574(30.1) | ||
| Employment status | ||||||
| Regular | 7874(75.7) | 2521(24.3) | < 0.001 | 8954(86.1) | 1441(13.9) | < 0.001 |
| Temporary or Day labor | 1619(64.8) | 879(35.2) | 1828(73.2) | 670(26.8) | ||
| Shift work | ||||||
| No | 8340(74.3) | 2890(25.7) | < 0.001 | 9475(84.4) | 1755(15.6) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 1153(69.3) | 510(30.7) | 1307(78.6) | 356(21.4) | ||
| Number of employees | ||||||
| < 50 | 6134(72.1) | 2375(27.9) | < 0.001 | 6976(82.0) | 1533(18.0) | < 0.001 |
| 50–299 | 2082(75.3) | 684(24.7) | 2373(85.8) | 393(14.2) | ||
| ≥ 300 | 1277(78.9) | 341(21.1) | 1433(88.6) | 185(11.4) | ||
| Working motion or posture | ||||||
| Lifting or carrying people | ||||||
| No | 5605(73.8) | 1990(26.2) | 0.054 | 6364(83.8) | 1231(16.2) | 0.192 |
| Yes | 3888(73.4) | 1410(26.6) | 4418(83.4) | 880(16.6) | ||
| Carrying heavy loads | ||||||
| No | 3215(84.0) | 614(16.0) | < 0.001 | 3503(91.5) | 326(8.5) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 6278(69.3) | 2786(30.7) | 7279(80.3) | 1785(19.7) | ||
| Standing continuously | ||||||
| No | 1935(84.1) | 365(15.9) | < 0.001 | 2093(91.0) | 207(9.0) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 7558(71.3) | 3035(28.7) | 8689(82.0) | 1904(18.0) | ||
| Repetitive movement | ||||||
| No | 1789(88.4) | 235(11.6) | < 0.001 | 1884(93.1) | 140(6.9) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 7704(70.9) | 3165(29.1) | 8898(81.9) | 1971(18.1) | ||
| Computer work | ||||||
| No | 2381(61.6) | 1484(38.4) | < 0.001 | 2817(72.9) | 1048(27.1) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 7112(78.8) | 1916(21.2) | 7965(88.2) | 1063(11.8) | ||
| Job stress | ||||||
| Low | 2307(76.4) | 713(23.6) | < 0.001 | 2550(84.4) | 470(15.6) | < 0.001 |
| High | 7115(72.8) | 2657(27.2) | 8150(83.4) | 1622(16.6) | ||
| No response | 71(70.3) | 30(29.7) | 82(81.2) | 19(18.8) | ||
| Social support | ||||||
| High | 8286(74.2) | 2877(25.8) | < 0.001 | 9435(84.5) | 1728(15.5) | < 0.001 |
| Low | 835(67.9) | 395(32.1) | 947(77.0) | 283(23.0) | ||
| No response | 372(74.4) | 128(25.6) | 400(80.0) | 100(20.0) | ||
*calculated by chi-square test