Table 2.
Predictors of Dysbiosis Index and Alternative Dysbiosis Index (linear regression analyses)
| Independent predictors | Dependent: DI (all variables) | Dependent: DI (stepwise forward) | Dependent: ADI (all variables) | Dependent: ADI (stepwise forward) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | p-value | pc | B (95%CI) | p-value | pc | B (95% CI) | p-value | pc | B (95%CI) | p-value | pc | |
| Gender (female/male) | 1.01 (0.17; 1.85) |
0.19 | 0.275 | −0.96 (−2.61; 0.70) |
0.25 | −0.137 | ||||||
| Age (years) | −0.01 (−0.05; 0.02) |
0.46 | −0.088 | 0.05 (−0.02; 0.13) |
0.15 | 0.172 | 0.07 (0.01; 0.13) | 0.033 | 0.241 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | −0.00 (−0.08; 0.08) |
0.95 | −0.007 | −0.07 (−0.23; 0.09) |
0.38 | −0.105 | ||||||
| Smoking (never/ previously /daily) | 0.36 (−0.08; 0.80) |
0.10 | 0.193 | −0.67 (−1.53; 0.19) |
0.12 | −0.183 | ||||||
| Coffee (cups/day) | −0.02 (−0.16 to 0.13) |
0.79 | −0.032 | 0.02 (−0.26; 0.31) |
0.87 | 0.020 | ||||||
| IBSSS (86) | 0.00 (−0.002; 0.004) |
0.47 | 0.086 | −0.006 (−0.01; 0.00) |
0.039 | −0.244 | −0.01 (−0.01; −0.00) |
0.022 | −0.258 | |||
| Metformin | 0.99 (0.22; 1.75) |
0.012 | 0.295 | 1.11 (0.42; 1.80) |
0.002 | 0.339 | 2.53 (1.04; 4.03) |
0.001 | 0.374 | 2.32 (0.93; 3.71) |
0.001 | 0.354 |
| Water (unit a) | 0.00 (−0.02; 0.02) |
0.98 | −0.002 | −0.01 (−0.04; 0.03) |
0.76 | −0.037 | ||||||
| Carb. bev. w/ sugar (unit a) | 0.20 (−0,05; 0.45) |
0.12 | 0.186 | 0.13 (−0.37; 0.63) |
0.60 | 0.062 | ||||||
| Total NNS (unit a) | 0.035 (−0.00; 0.07) |
0.054 | 0.228 | 0.04 (0.01; 0.07) |
0.005 | 0.311 | −0.08 (−0.15; −0.01) |
0.024 | −0.266 | −0.10 (−0.16; −0.04) |
0.001 | −0.362 |
| Starch (g/day) | −0.00 (−0.01; 0.00) |
0.36 | −0.109 | −0.00 (−0.02; 0.01) |
0.53 | −0.076 | ||||||
DI Dysbiosis Index, ADI Alternative Dysbiosis Index, IBSSS Irritable Bowel Severity Scoring System, NNS Non-Nutritive Sweeteners, pc partial correlation, Carb. bev: Carbonated beverages. aOne unit is 100 ml beverages with NNS or 2 tablets NNS for coffee/tea
Gender and BMI and all variables significantly associated with either DI of ADI in the univariate analyses (age, smoking habits, coffee, IBSSS, Metformin, total NNS, starch) were included as predictors of DI and ADI in the regression analyses. The reasons for exclusion of diabetes and some nutrients are explained in the text. All the variables were included in the first step, and then stepwise forward regression analyses were performed
Italicized p-values are statistically significant