Table 3.
Multivariate logistic regression analysis for association between macrovascular disease, geographical region and risk factors in people with known diabetes and in the general population
| Variable | Macrovascular disease (yes vs. no) Known diabetes |
Macrovascular disease (yes vs. no) General population |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% Cl) | p-value | OR (95% Cl) | p-value | |
| Model A | ||||
| SHIP-TREND (vs. KORA-F4) | 1.66 (1.14–2.43) | 0.009 | 1.76 (1.46–2.12) | < 0.001 |
| Men (vs. women) | 1.73 (1.18–2.52) | 0.005 | 2.20 (1.81–2.67) | < 0.001 |
| Age (per year, continuous) | 1.05 (1.03–1.07) | < 0.001 | 1.09 (1.08–1.10) | < 0.001 |
| Model B | ||||
| SHIP-TREND (vs. KORA-F4) | 1.70 (1.11–2.62) | 0.015 | 1.78 (1.44–2.19) | < 0.001 |
| Men (vs. women) | 1.50 (0.93–2.41) | 0.098 | 1.97 (1.57–2.47) | < 0.001 |
| Age (per year, continuous) | 1.05 (1.02–1.08) | 0.001 | 1.07 (1.05–1.08) | < 0.001 |
| BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (vs. < 25 kg/m2) | 2.55 (0.85–7.65) | 0.096 | 1.39 (1.01–1.93) | 0.046 |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (vs. < 25 kg/m2) | 1.91 (0.65–5.64) | 0.241 | 1.14 (0.80–1.61) | 0.466 |
| hsCRP (mg/l)a (continuous) | 1.15 (0.90–1.47) | 0.254 | 1.04 (0.92–1.17) | 0.534 |
| Hypertension (vs. no) | 2.35 (0.94–5.88) | 0.069 | 3.47 (2.57–4.68) | < 0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia (vs. no) | 3.86 (2.41–6.18) | < 0.001 | 3.34 (2.70–4.14) | < 0.001 |
| Smoker (vs. never smoker) | 1.47 (0.73–2.97) | 0.278 | 1.16 (0.81–1.64) | 0.417 |
| Ex-smoker (vs. never-smoker) | 1.58 (0.98–2.55) | 0.061 | 1.45 (1.15–1.84) | 0.002 |
| Low/middle education (vs. high education) | 0.92 (0.51–1.64) | 0.767 | 1.22 (0.94–1.59) | 0.134 |
| < 1 h physical activity (vs. > 1 h) | 0.96 (0.62–1.47) | 0.837 | 1.01 (0.82–1.24) | 0.945 |
| Model C | ||||
| SHIP-TREND (vs. KORA-F4) | 1.66 (1.11–2.49) | 0.014 | 1.63 (1.33–2.00) | < 0.001 |
| Men (vs. women) | 1.49 (0.97–2.29) | 0.070 | 1.89 (1.52–2.34) | < 0.001 |
| Age (per year, continuous) | 1.05 (1.02–1.08) | 0.001 | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) | < 0.001 |
| BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (vs. < 25 kg/m2) | 1.85 (0.67–5.10) | 0.237 | 1.39 (1.01–1.92) | 0.041 |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (vs. < 25 kg/m2) | 1.72 (0.64–4.66) | 0.287 | 1.15 (0.82–1.61) | 0.419 |
| Hypertension (vs. no) | 2.79 (1.13–6.87) | 0.026 | 3.48 (2.59–4.68) | < 0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia (vs. no) | 3.48 (2.25–5.36) | < 0.001 | 3.16 (2.57–3.88) | < 0.001 |
| Smoker (vs. never smoker) | 1.27 (0.66–2.45) | 0.477 | 1.10 (0.79–1.54) | 0.572 |
| Ex-smoker (vs. never-smoker) | 1.51 (0.97–2.34) | 0.066 | 1.48 (1.18–1.86) | 0.001 |
| Known diabetes (vs. normal glucose tolerance) | – | – | 1.37 (1.03–1.84) | 0.033 |
| Prediabetes (vs. normal glucose tolerance) | – | – | 0.86 (0.67–1.10) | 0.226 |
| Newly diagnosed diabetes (vs. normal glucose tolerance) | – | – | 0.99 (0.64–1.52) | 0.950 |
BMI body mass index, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
aHigh-sensitivity C - reactive protein. Participants with hsCRP > 10 mg/l were excluded, SHIP-TREND: N = 175, KORA-F4: N = 112
Significant regional differences (p < 0.05) are highlighted in bold