Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Variables | Total | Baseline | Intervention | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, n | 621 | 341 | 280 | NA |
| Male gender, n (%) | 370 (59.5) | 199 (58.4) | 171 (61.1) | 0.55 |
| Age (years) | 67.56 | 67.13 | 68.08 | 0.43 |
| Total patient days at risk | 3171 | 1613 | 1558 | 0.24 |
| Mean length of hospital stay | 23.50 | 21.07 | 26.46 | 0.12 |
| Mean length of ICU stay | 4.87 | 4.30 | 5.40 | 0.11 |
| Overall mortality, n (%) | 85 (13.7) | 48 (14.0) | 37 (13.7) | 0.91 |
| Previous admission Hx. within 3 months, n (%) | 139 (22.4) | 66 (19.4) | 73 (26.1) | 0.06 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 453 (72.9) | 247 (72.2) | 212 (75.2) | 0.41 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 195 (31.4) | 111 (32.5) | 84 (29.8) | 0.49 |
| Cerebro vascular accident, n (%) | 264 (42.5) | 146 (42.7) | 118 (42.0) | 0.87 |
| Solid organ malignancy, n (%) | 75 (12.1) | 43 (12.6) | 32 (11.3) | 0.71 |
| Hemaologic malignancy, n (%) | 4 (0.6) | 3(0.9) | 1 (0.4) | 0.63 |
| Trauma Hx., n (%) | 20 (3.2) | 14 (4.1) | 6 (2.1) | 0.18 |
| Chronic renal disease, n (%) | 133 (21.4) | 61 (18.1) | 72 (25.5) | 0.03 |
| Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 70 (11.3) | 36 (10.5) | 34 (12.1) | 0.61 |
| Chronic lung disease, n (%) | 82 (13.2) | 44 (12.9) | 38 (13.5) | 0.91 |
| Connective tissue disease, n (%) | 13 (2.1) | 6 (1.8) | 7 (2.5) | 0.58 |
| SOFA score | 4 (2–7) | 4 (2–7) | 4 (2–6) | 0.38 |
| Invasive procedure | ||||
| Central line catheter insertion, n (%) | 273 (44.0) | 155 (45.3) | 118 (41.8) | 0.42 |
| Intubation, n (%) | 167 (26.9) | 98 (28.7) | 69 (24.5) | 0.28 |
| CRRTx.,n (%) | 38 (6.1) | 22 (6.4) | 16 (5.7) | 0.74 |
| Operation history, n (%) | 92 (14.8) | 51 (15.0) | 41 (14.6) | 1.00 |
| Median duration of antibiotics treatment | 6 (0–15) | 7 (0–15) | 6 (0–16) | 0.59 |
| Vancomycin use, n (%) | 70 (11.3) | 36 (10.6) | 34 (12.1) | 0.61 |
| MRSA acquisition prior to ICU admission | 57 (9.2) | 36 (10.5) | 21 (7.5) | 0.21 |
| ICU bed occupancy, % | 82.0 | 83.7 | 81.5 | 0.22 |
| Hand hygiene compliance of all HCW | 72.1 | 71.6 | 72.7 | 0.62 |
| Hand hygiene compliance of physicians | 54.2 | 53.8 | 54.6 | 0.48 |
| Hand hygiene compliance of nurses | 89.9 | 89.4 | 90.5 | 0.64 |
Data are expressed as the mea / median (Q1-Q3) or N (%)
Abbreviation: NA not applicable, ICU intensive care unit, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, CRRTx., continuous renal replacement therapy, HCW health care workers