Table 3.

Kidney functions of different groups of rats during the experiment and after the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin. Data was expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Significances among different groups were determined by using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. ¹P: significance versus control, ²P: significance versus diabetic control.

Rat groups	Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)	Creatinine (μmol/L)	Uric acid (μmol/L)
Group 1: nondiabetic control (NC)	7.23 ± 0.79	42.83 ± 5.38	55.17 ± 7.83
Group 2: diabetic control (DC)	7.84 ± 1.79 1P = 0.597	49.80 ± 8.90 1P = 0.055	48.80 ± 4.09 1P = 0.281
Group 3: diabetic and metformin (DM)	10.25 ± 1.73 1P = 0.008, 2P = 0.041	47.67 ± 5.54 1P = 0.159, 2P = 0.549	65.83 ± 11.84 1P = 0.062, 2P = 0.006
Group 4: diabetic and olive oil (DO)	7.22 ± 2.14 1P = 0.988, 2P = 0.587	48.67 ± 2.50 1P = 0.091, 2P = 0.750	49.33 ± 15.32 1P = 0.300, 2P = 0.927
Group 5: diabetic, olive oil, and metformin (DOM)	7.02 ± 1.48 1P = 0.843, 2P = 0.474	48.17 ± 5.27 1P = 0.121, 2P = 0.646	55.67 ± 7.79 1P = 0.929, 2P = 0.245
Group 6: diabetic and olive oil pretreatment (DOP)	8.93 ± 3.43 1P = 0.125, 2P = 0.343	45.83 ± 3.97 1P = 0.378, 2P = 0.268	52.67 ± 7.39 1P = 0.655, 2P = 0.510