Figure 1.
Typical 500 MHz 1H-NMR spectra of the metabolites of the different parts of P. harmala: (A) root, (B) leaf, (C) flower, (D) seed, (E) testa, and (F) stem. Key metabolites: 1, leucine; 2, valine; 3, threonine; 4, alanine; 5, lysine; 6, acetic acid; 7, proline; 8, 4-hydroxyisoleucine; 9, succinic acid; 10, malic acid; 11, asparagine; 12, choline; 13, phosphorylcholine; 14, betaine; 15, sucrose; 16, β-glucose; 17, vasicine; 18, α-glucose; 19, maleic acid; 20, harmine; 21, harmaline; 22, vasicinone; 23, formic acid.