Table 1.
Extraction yield, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and Fe(II) chelating ability of Magnolia officinalis extracts by different solvents.
| Solvent | Extraction yield (%) |
Tyrosinase inhibition (IC50, mg/mL) |
Total phenolic content (mg-GAE/g-extract) |
DPPH (IC50, mg/mL) |
Reducing power (IC50, mg/mL) |
Fe(II) chelating ability (IC50, mg/mL) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| before fermentation | after fermentation | before fermentation | after fermentation | before fermentation | after fermentation | before fermentation | after fermentation | before fermentation | after fermentation | ||
|
| |||||||||||
| Methanol | 41.52 ± 2.61a | 0.56 ± 0.04a | 0.03 ± 0.008 | 58.6 ± 1.04a | 206.5 ± 3.71 | 0.098 ± 0.01a | 0.012 ± 0.005 | 1.21 ± 0.84a | 0.23 ± 0.08 | 2.06 ± 0.31a | 0.16 ± 0.01 |
| Ethanol | 33.62 ± 1.38b | 1.26 ± 0.06b | 26.2 ± 0.75b | 0.804 ± 0.06b | 3.12 ± 0.91b | 4.05 ± 0.93b | |||||
| Water | 28.76 ± 1.82c | 0.58 ± 0.02c | 32.8 ± 2.56c | 0.280 ± 0.03c | 2.06 ± 0.82c | 2.81 ± 0.26c | |||||
In each column different letters (a–c) mean significant differences P < 0.05. The Aspergillus niger fermentation period was 72 h.