Table 4.

Effect (IC₅₀, μg/mL) of unfermented and fermented Magnolia officinalis extracts on skin aging enzymes. IC₅₀ represents the concentration of the extracts giving 50% inhibition of the enzyme activity.

	Collagenase activity	Elastase activity	MMP-1 activity	MMP-2 activity
Unfermented extract	520 ± 48a	860 ± 32a	- - - - - ∗	- - - - - ∗
Fermented extract	92 ± 16b	125 ± 16b	180 ± 32	226 ± 16

In each column different letters (a–b) mean significant differences P < 0.05. The Aspergillus niger fermentation period was 72 h. MMP-1: Interstitial collagenase; MMP-2: 72 kDa-gelatinases. The IC₅₀ of Magnolia officinalis extracts on MMP-1 activity and MMP-2 activity could not be detected.