Figure 2. Temporal sequence of the frog Pelophylaxnigromaculatus rejecting a live adult Pheropsophus jessoensis without taking the beetle into its mouth.

(A) 0 ms. (B) 100 ms. (C) 175 ms. (D) 325 ms. (E) 1,100 ms. The frog stopped the attack immediately after its tongue touched the beetle. No bombing sounds were heard (see Video S3). Credit: Shinji Sugiura.