Table 1.

Pre-Referral Characteristics of Study Population (n = 2718)

Characteristic	All social needs were met (n = 1521)		No social needs met (n = 1197)		P valueb
Agea	52.7 ± 17.2		57.6 ± 17.79		<.0001
	n	%	n	%
Sex					0.97
Female	1024	67.32	805	67.25
Male	497	32.68	392	32.75
Insurance Type					<0.0001
Medicaid Managed Care	781	51.35	292	24.39
Medicare Advantage	740	48.65	905	75.61
Race					0.06
Black	179	11.77	172	14.37
White	1231	80.93	925	77.28
Hispanic	58	3.81	61	5.10
Other	53	3.48	39	3.26
Metropolitan Status					<0.0001
Rural	534	35.11	289	24.14
Urban	987	64.89	908	75.86
Identified as High Risk					<0.0001
No	646	42.47	679	56.73
Yes	875	57.53	518	43.27
Number of Comorbidities					<0.0001
None	558	36.69	550	45.95
1 to 3	585	38.46	438	36.59
>3	378	24.85	209	17.46
State of Residence					<0.0001
Arkansas	68	4.47	116	9.69
Connecticut	15	0.99	12	1.00
Florida	110	7.23	110	9.19
Georgia	271	17.82	287	23.98
Illinois	52	3.42	52	4.34
Kentucky	672	44.18	172	14.37
Louisiana	22	1.45	27	2.26
Missouri	8	0.53	7	0.58
Mississippi	134	8.81	178	14.87
New Jersey	13	0.85	9	0.75
New York	21	1.38	20	1.67
South Carolina	6	0.39	13	1.09
Tennessee	71	4.67	152	12.70
Texas	58	3.81	42	3.51

^aRepresents mean and standard deviation.

^bP values are from a 2 independent sample t test for the difference in mean age and chi-square test for differences in the proportions of other predisposing, need, and enabling factors across study groups.