Table 4.
Performance of modern CEUS on assessment of tumor response after ablative therapy
| Study | N | Ablation* | Lesion | CEUS sensitivity to incomplete treatment (timing)a | CEUS specificity to incomplete treatment (timing)a | Reference standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meloni et al. [58] | 28 | RFA | Renal | 96.6% (variable-beginning at 4 months) | 100% (variable-beginning at 4 months) | CT/MRI performed at same time as CEUS |
| Hoeffel et al. [49] | 66 | RFA | Renal | 64% (< 24 h) 79% (6 weeks) | 98% (< 24 h) 100% (6 weeks) | CT/MRI 12 months after ablation |
| Kong et al. [59] | 64 | RFA | Renal | 100% (1 month) | 96.6% (1 month) | CT 1 month after ablation |
| Li et al. [60] | 83 | MWA | Renal | 100% (3 days) | 97.1% (3 days) | CT/MRI 3 days after ablation |
| Barwari et al. [42] | 45 | CA | Renal | Not reported | 92% (3 months) 90%(12 months) | CT/MRI performed at same time as CEUS |
| Zeccolini et al. [44] | 25 | CA | Renal | 100% (every 3 months first year, every 6 months after) | 100% (every 3 months first year, every 6 months after) | MRI performed at same time as CEUS |
| Sanz et al. [43] | 16 | CA | Renal | 100% (3 months, every 6 months after) | 96.2% (3 months, every 6 months after) | CT 3 months after ablation, every 6 months after |
| Garbajs et al. [61] | 14 | RFA | Renal | 100% (1 week after CT) | 100% (1 week after CT) | CT variable time after ablation |
| Meloni et al. [62] | 43 | RFA | Hepatic | 83.3% (4 months) | 100% (4 months) | CT 4 months after ablation |
| Choi et al. [63] | 81 | RFA | Hepatic | 100% (< 24 h) | 100% (< 24 h) | CT 1 month after ablation |
| Wen et al. [64] | 91 | RFA | Hepatic | 95.3% (5–7 days) | 100% (5–7 days) | CT 5–7 days after ablation |
| Kim et al. [65] | 97 | RFA | Hepatic | Not reported | 99% (< 24 h) | CT 1 month after ablation |
| Dill-Macky et al. [50] | 21 | RFA | Hepatic | 40% (15–60 min) 83% (2–4 weeks) | 94% (15–60 min) 94% (2–4 weeks) | CT or MRI 2-4 weeks after ablation |
| Yu et al. [66] | 139 | RFA | Hepatic | 97% (1 month) | 98.2% (1 month) | CT/MRI 1 month after ablation |
| Salvaggio et al. [67] | 110 | RFA | Hepatic | 83.3% (< 24 h) | 100% (< 24 h) | CT 1 month after ablation |
| Bo et al. [68] | 73 | RFA | Hepatic | 87.5% (1 month) | 96.9% (1 month) | CT/MRI 1 month after ablation |
| Du et al. [48] | 78 | RFA | Hepatic | 60% (30 min) | 100% (30 min) | MRI 1 month after ablation |
*
RFA radiofrequency ablation, MWA microwave ablation, CA cryoablation
a
Time after ablative therapy at which CEUS examination was performed