Table 4.
Correlates of higher smoking expectancies among secondary school students
| Never-smokers |
Current smokers |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | (SE) | Badj | (SE) | B | (SE) | Badj | (SE) | |
| Gender (ref=male) | −0.09‡ | (0.03) | 0.01 | (0.03) | −0.09 | (0.09) | −0.08 | (0.14) |
| Age | ||||||||
| 12 and younger | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 13 | 0.04 | (0.04) | 0.01 | (0.05) | 0.11 | (0.15) | 0.01 | (0.16) |
| 14 and older | 0.12 | (0.07) | −0.01 | (0.05) | −0.11 | (0.15) | −0.17 | (0.15) |
| Parental education level (years) | ||||||||
| ≤7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 8–12 | −0.02 | (0.09) | −0.07 | (0.12) | −0.17 | (0.19) | −0.07 | (0.18) |
| ≥12 | −0.11 | (0.09) | 0.15 | (0.08) | −0.15 | (0.21) | −0.06 | (0.19) |
| Either parents smokes | 0.20§ | (0.03) | 0.16§ | (0.03) | 0.04 | (0.09) | −0.22† | (0.10) |
| Any sibling smokes | 0.23‡ | (0.07) | 0.09 | (0.09) | 0.09 | (0.10) | 0.21 | (0.11) |
| Any friend smokes | 0.28§ | (0.04) | 0.19§ | (0.04) | 0.40 | (0.21) | 0.39 | (0.23) |
| Sensation seeking | 0.25§ | (0.01) | 0.21§ | (0.02) | 0.26§ | (0.06) | 0.22† | (0.08) |
| Marketing receptivity index | ||||||||
| 1=Not receptive | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 2=High PoS exposure or some brand awareness | 0.17§ | (0.04) | 0.09 | (0.04) | 0.12 | (0.18) | 0.11 | (0.23) |
| 3=High brand awareness | 0.36§ | (0.07) | 0.18‡ | (0.06) | 0.12 | (0.20) | 0.08 | (0.25) |
| 4=Ownership of branded merchandise | 0.54§ | (0.07) | 0.34‡ | (0.10) | 0.40† | (0.17) | 0.18 | (0.19) |
†
p<0.05;
‡
p<0.01;
§
p<0.001.
PoS, point of sale.