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. 2018 Nov 26;9:2718. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02718

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Copyright © 2018 Gubernatorova, Gorshkova, Namakanova, Zvartsev, Hidalgo, Drutskaya, Tumanov and Nedospasov.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Hypothetical model of the involvement of IL-6 from different cellular sources in the pathogenesis of HDM-induced allergic asthma. We propose that IL-6 produced by macrophages and dendritic cells distinctively promotes HDM-induced airway inflammation. IL-6 produced by macrophages contributes to type 2 allergic inflammation, including eosinophil accumulation, IgE production and mucus hypersecretion via induction of Th2 cells differentiation and production of IL-33, TSLP, IL-4, IL-13 cytokines. In contrast, IL-6 from dendritic cells induces pathogenic accumulation of neutrophils via induction of IL-17A and IFNγ, produced by Th17 and Th1 subsets. Therefore, selective targeting of IL-6 in macrophages or dendritic cells can be beneficial in corresponding eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma endotypes.