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. 2018 Sep 4;27(24):4218–4230. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddy313

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© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Spinal NTDs in Grhl3-transgenic mice. (A) Occurrence of SB among offspring of matings between Grhl3^{ct/ct;TgGrhl3/0} (BAC-hemizygous) and Grhl3^ct/ct mice analysed at E11.5–18.5 (*, significant difference from other genotypes; P < 0.001, Chi-square). (B–E) Embryos of the three genotypes at E11.5. All Grhl3^{ct/ct;TgGrhl3/0} embryos appeared normal with a straight caudal region (C), whereas a proportion of Grhl3^ct/ct (B) and Grhl3^{ct/ct;TgGrhl3/TgGrhl3} (D, E) exhibited TFDs and/or SB (extent of open region indicated by arrowheads). Scale bar represents 1 mm.