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Proposed novel non-canonical pathway of the AhR. According to the proposed novel non-canonical pathway, non-genotoxic ligands, such as TCDD, lead to activation of the AhR, and very likely independent from ARNT, to induction of JunD, which after heterodimerization with ATF2 results in transcriptional activation of cyclin A finally leading to a release from contact inhibition. If genotoxic ligands may also induce this novel pathway is currently not known.
