Table 3. The association between activity measures and demographic and health factors in women (n=577); results from linear regression analyses.
Acceleration (mg/day) | Sedentary time (h/day) | Light PA (min/day) | Moderate-vigorous PA (min/day) | Sleep time (accelerometer) (h/day) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | n | β ± SE | p | β ± SE | p | β ± SE | p | β ± SE | p | β ± SE | p |
Age-group | |||||||||||
70-74 | 187 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
75-79 | 201 | -1.51 ± 0.52 | 0.003 | 0.06 ± 0.13 | 0.61 | -1.78 ± 3.07 | 0.56 | -7.28 ± 2.35 | 0.002 | 0.04 ± 0.12 | 0.71 |
80-84 | 124 | -2.61 ± 0.61 | <0.001 | 0.13 ± 0.15 | 0.39 | -3.94 ± 3.63 | 0.28 | -13.14 ± 2.78 | <0.001 | 0.08 ± 0.14 | 0.57 |
≥85 | 65 | -3.81 ± 0.80 | <0.001 | 0.51 ± 0.20 | 0.01 | -10.13 ± 4.76 | 0.03 | -19.88 ± 3.65 | <0.001 | -0.04 ± 0.18 | 0.81 |
Education | |||||||||||
Primary education | 39 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
Lower education | 313 | -0.49 ± 0.87 | 0.58 | -0.14 ± 0.22 | 0.52 | 1.31 ± 5.18 | 0.80 | -2.36 ± 3.97 | 0.55 | 0.11 ± 0.19 | 0.58 |
Intermediate education | 154 | -0.25 ± 0.91 | 0.79 | -0.06 ± 0.23 | 0.80 | -0.18 ± 5.41 | 0.97 | -2.52 ± 4.15 | 0.54 | 0.07 ± 0.20 | 0.74 |
Higher education | 71 | 0.25 ± 1.03 | 0.81 | -0.10 ± 0.26 | 0.69 | 8.75 ± 6.15 | 0.16 | 2.22 ± 4.71 | 0.64 | -0.08 ± 0.23 | 0.71 |
Season | |||||||||||
Spring | 142 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
Summer | 63 | 1.48 ± 0.75 | 0.05 | 0.30 ± 0.19 | 0.11 | 2.89 ± 4.47 | 0.52 | 4.66 ± 3.43 | 0.17 | -0.40 ± 0.17 | 0.02 |
Autumn | 203 | 0.58 ± 0.54 | 0.28 | -0.02 ± 0.13 | 0.85 | 3.17 ± 3.20 | 0.32 | 1.84 ± 2.46 | 0.45 | -0.04 ± 0.12 | 0.75 |
Winter | 169 | 0.38 ± 0.56 | 0.50 | 0.05 ± 0.14 | 0.74 | 3.13 ± 3.35 | 0.35 | 1.53 ± 2.57 | 0.55 | -0.10 ± 0.13 | 0.44 |
BMI | |||||||||||
Normal weight | 164 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
Overweight | 246 | -2.06 ± 0.50 | <0.001 | 0.45 ± 0.12 | <0.001 | -9.29 ± 2.97 | 0.002 | -8.70 ± 2.28 | <0.001 | -0.10 ± 0.11 | 0.38 |
Obese | 167 | -3.87 ± 0.57 | <0.001 | 0.90 ± 0.14 | <0.001 | -19.05 ± 3.36 | <0.001 | -16.79 ± 2.58 | <0.001 | -0.24 ± 0.13 | 0.06 |
Smoking | |||||||||||
Non smoker | 261 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
Former smoker | 283 | -0.35 ± 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.19 ± 0.11 | 0.08 | -2.76 ± 2.57 | 0.28 | -1.35 ± 1.97 | 0.49 | -0.12 ± 0.10 | 0.22 |
Current smoker | 33 | -1.97 ± 0.94 | 0.04 | 0.41 ± 0.23 | 0.08 | -9.04 ± 5.58 | 0.11 | -8.51 ± 4.28 | 0.05 | -0.08 ± 0.21 | 0.70 |
Alcohol consumption | |||||||||||
Never drinks alcohol | 117 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
Drinks 1-4 times per month | 204 | 0.50 ± 0.58 | 0.39 | -0.05 ± 0.14 | 0.71 | 0.15 ± 3.42 | 0.96 | 2.43 ± 2.62 | 0.35 | 0.04 ± 0.13 | 0.74 |
Drinks 2-4 times per week | 256 | 0.78 ± 0.56 | 0.16 | 0.11 ± 0.14 | 0.43 | 3.22 ± 3.33 | 0.33 | 3.26 ± 2.55 | 0.20 | -0.17 ± 0.13 | 0.17 |
Functional capacity | |||||||||||
Not disabled | 223 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
Disabled | 123 | 0.04 ± 0.56 | 0.94 | -0.06 ± 0.14 | 0.69 | 1.54 ± 3.36 | 0.65 | -0.33 ± 2.57 | 0.90 | 0.00 ± 0.13 | 1.00 |
Severely disabled | 231 | -0.93 ± 0.50 | 0.06 | 0.06 ± 0.12 | 0.64 | -3.43 ± 2.97 | 0.25 | -5.42 ± 2.28 | 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.11 | 0.75 |
Prevalent CVD, DM or cancer | |||||||||||
Not present | 308 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
Present | 269 | -1.65 ± 0.41 | <0.001 | 0.35 ± 0.10 | <0.001 | -6.77 ± 2.47 | 0.01 | -6.82 ± 1.89 | <0.001 | -0.13 ± 0.09 | 0.18 |
Marital status | |||||||||||
Living alone | 288 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
Living with partner | 289 | 1.47 ± 0.44 | <0.001 | -0.18 ± 0.11 | 0.10 | 9.66 ± 2.61 | <0.001 | 6.62 ± 2.00 | <0.001 | -0.10 ± 0.10 | 0.32 |
Sleep medication | |||||||||||
Not using any medication | 444 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
Using on 1 or more days/week | 133 | -0.50 ± 0.49 | 0.30 | 0.15 ± 0.12 | 0.21 | -5.15 ± 2.90 | 0.08 | -3.43 ± 2.23 | 0.12 | -0.10 ± 0.11 | 0.37 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; n, number; PA, physical activity; SE, standard error. Body mass index was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Categories were defined as normal weight: 18.5 < 25 kg/m2, overweight: 25 < 30 kg/m2 and obese: ≥ 30 kg/m2
The explained variance in the models, according the adjusted R-squared, was 21.0%, 11.4%, 13.2%, 22.2% and 0.8% for acceleration, sedentary behavior, light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sleep, respectively.
Total N is reduced due to variation in the amount of missing data for different covariates.
The multivariate linear regression analysis was adjusted for all variables included in the table.