Table 4. The association between physical activity measures and demographic and health factors in men (n=543); results from linear regression analyses.
| Acceleration (mg/day) | Sedentary time (h/day) | Light PA (min/day) | Moderate-vigorous PA (min/day) | Sleep time (accelerometer) (h/day) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | n | β ± SE | p | β ± SE | p | β ± SE | p | β ± SE | p | β ± SE | p |
| Age-group | |||||||||||
| 70-74 | 191 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
| 75-79 | 181 | -0.16 ± 0.51 | 0.76 | -0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.37 | 4.70 ± 3.22 | 0.14 | -0.85 ± 2.39 | 0.72 | 0.09 ± 0.12 | 0.49 |
| 80-84 | 127 | -1.49 ± 0.58 | 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.16 | 0.55 | -1.1 ± 3.69 | 0.77 | -7.99 ± 2.74 | 0.004 | 0.02 ± 0.14 | 0.90 |
| ≥85 | 44 | -3.77 ± 0.88 | <0.001 | 0.64 ± 0.25 | 0.01 | -5.23 ± 5.57 | 0.35 | -19.77 ± 4.14 | <0.001 | -0.18 ± 0.21 | 0.40 |
| Education | |||||||||||
| Primary education | 21 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
| Lower education | 138 | 1.46 ± 1.13 | 0.20 | 0.04 ± 0.32 | 0.91 | 4.70 ± 7.12 | 0.51 | 6.59 ± 5.29 | 0.21 | -0.18 ± 0.27 | 0.51 |
| Intermediate education | 212 | 0.96 ± 1.10 | 0.38 | 0.22 ± 0.31 | 0.48 | 1.87 ± 6.95 | 0.79 | 4.73 ± 5.16 | 0.36 | -0.28 ± 0.27 | 0.30 |
| Higher education | 172 | 0.90 ± 1.12 | 0.42 | 0.41 ± 0.31 | 0.19 | 1.21 ± 7.09 | 0.86 | 3.80 ± 5.26 | 0.47 | -0.42 ± 0.27 | 0.12 |
| Season | |||||||||||
| Spring | 129 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
| Summer | 63 | 1.30 ± 0.79 | 0.10 | -0.13 ± 0.22 | 0.55 | 3.74 ± 5.00 | 0.45 | 4.07 ± 3.72 | 0.27 | -0.06 ± 0.19 | 0.77 |
| Autumn | 203 | 1.23 ± 0.57 | 0.03 | -0.05 ± 0.16 | 0.73 | 7.20 ± 3.58 | 0.04 | 4.47 ± 2.66 | 0.09 | -0.17 ± 0.14 | 0.22 |
| Winter | 169 | 0.58 ± 0.55 | 0.29 | -0.04 ± 0.15 | 0.82 | 3.11 ± 3.48 | 0.37 | 1.49 ± 2.58 | 0.56 | -0.06 ± 0.13 | 0.68 |
| BMI | |||||||||||
| Normal weight | 156 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
| Overweight | 279 | -1.26 ± 0.49 | 0.01 | 0.26 ± 0.14 | 0.06 | -5.10 ± 3.11 | 0.10 | -5.52 ± 2.31 | 0.02 | -0.11 ± 0.12 | 0.38 |
| Obese | 108 | -2.76 ± 0.63 | <0.001 | 0.96 ± 0.18 | <0.001 | -13.51 ± 4.01 | <0.001 | -13.12 ± 2.98 | <0.001 | -0.54 ± 0.15 | 0.001 |
| Smoking | |||||||||||
| Non smoker | 119 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
| Former smoker | 397 | 0.67 ± 0.51 | 0.19 | -0.10 ± 0.14 | 0.51 | 4.05 ± 3.24 | 0.21 | 3.00 ± 2.41 | 0.21 | -0.03 ± 0.12 | 0.79 |
| Current smoker | 27 | -2.71 ± 1.05 | 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.30 | 0.67 | -13.34 ± 6.67 | 0.05 | -13.13 ± 4.95 | 0.01 | 0.20 ± 0.26 | 0.44 |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||||||||
| Never drinks alcohol | 60 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
| Drinks 1-4 times per month | 121 | -1.04 ± 0.77 | 0.18 | 0.08 ± 0.22 | 0.70 | -11.33 ± 4.87 | 0.02 | -4.19 ± 3.62 | 0.25 | 0.23 ± 0.19 | 0.23 |
| Drinks 2-4 times per week | 362 | -0.47 ± 0.68 | 0.49 | -0.07 ± 0.19 | 0.71 | -4.66 ± 4.29 | 0.28 | -1.84 ± 3.18 | 0.56 | 0.25 ± 0.16 | 0.13 |
| Functional capacity | |||||||||||
| Not disabled | 286 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
| Disabled | 83 | -1.95 ± 0.61 | <0.001 | 0.13 ± 0.17 | 0.44 | -5.82 ± 3.87 | 0.13 | -9.61 ± 2.88 | <0.001 | 0.14 ± 0.15 | 0.34 |
| Severely disabled | 174 | -2.11 ± 0.47 | <0.001 | 0.37 ± 0.13 | 0.01 | -9.54 ± 3.00 | <0.001 | -10.81 ± 2.23 | <0.001 | -0.04 ± 0.12 | 0.76 |
| Prevalent CVD, DM or cancer | |||||||||||
| Not present | 215 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
| Present | 328 | -1.28 ± 0.44 | 0.004 | -0.03 ± 0.12 | 0.81 | -6.69 ± 2.77 | 0.02 | -4.91 ± 2.06 | 0.02 | 0.20 ± 0.11 | 0.06 |
| Marital status | |||||||||||
| Living alone | 91 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
| Living with partner | 452 | 0.08 ± 0.58 | 0.89 | 0.06 ± 0.16 | 0.72 | 0.02 ± 3.68 | 1.00 | 1.25 ± 2.73 | 0.65 | -0.05 ± 0.14 | 0.70 |
| Sleep medication | |||||||||||
| Not using any medication | 490 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
| Using on 1 or more days/week | 53 | 0.34 ± 0.70 | 0.62 | -0.04 ± 0.20 | 0.86 | 4.55 ± 4.41 | 0.30 | 2.57 ± 3.27 | 0.43 | -0.09 ± 0.17 | 0.61 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; n, number; PA, physical activity; SE, standard error. Body mass index was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Categories were defined as normal weight: 18.5 < 25 kg/m2, overweight: 25 < 30 kg/m2 and obese: ≥ 30 kg/m2.
The multivariate linear regression analysis was adjusted for all variables included in the table. Total N is reduced due to variation in the amount of missing data for different covariates.
The explained variance in the models, according the adjusted R-squared, was 15.7%, 6.9%, 6.9%, 16.6% and 1.5% for acceleration, sedentary behavior, light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sleep, respectively.