. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 3.

Published in final edited form as: AIMS Med Sci. 2017 Feb 10;4(1):71–82. doi: 10.3934/medsci.2017.1.71

Table 1.

Manifest (measured) variables associated with each conceptual (latent) factor.

Conceptual Factor	Measured (Manifest) Variables^*
Socioeconomic status (county-level)	% children age 5–17 below poverty % unemployment rate (age >16) % housing units with >1 person per room
Healthcare system capacity (county-level)	Pediatricians per 100,000 children Asthma-related sub-specialists (pulmonary + allergy-immunology) per 100,000 total population Total physicians in practice per 100,000 population
Air quality (county-level)	Mean Carbon Monoxide level Mean Particulate Matter (PM₁₀) Median Air Quality Index (on days measured at EPA monitoring sites in county)
Asthma outcomes (county-level)	Asthma ED visit rate per 1,000 asthma-diagnosed children (run as single measured variable; then re-run separately for black and white racial strata and for black-white rate-ratio)

Note: All variables have been standardized as z-scores to achieve similar scaling.